Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 31

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 31

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Question 1
1 / -0

Humans are

A
Ammonotelic

B
Ureotelic

C
Uricotelic

D
Both B and C

Solution

Humans are ureotelic because it excretes urea as a waste product. Urea is less toxic than ammonia so it can be stored in the body for longer duration. The extra proteins in the body are degraded by the process of deamination where the NH$$_2$$ group is removed and it is converted into ammonium ions in the liver. The ammonium ions enter urea cycle and get converted into urea. The urea formed in liver is transported to kidney through circulation and finally gets excreted.
Question 2
1 / -0

A portion of uric acid is changed into urea and ammonia by intestinal

A
Urogenolysis

B
Ureolysis

C
Uricolysis

D
Ureotolysis

Solution

The bacteria present in intestinal tract break a portion of uric acid present in the food we eat into urea and ammonia. This phenomenon is called uricolysis. Hence a portion of uric acid is changed into urea and ammonia by intestinal bacteria is called as urinalysis.
So, the correct answer is 'Uricolysis'.
Question 3
1 / -0

Which is correctly matched

A
Glomerular filtrate - serum with protein

B
Glomerular filtration rate - 125 ml/min

C
Reabsorption collecting tubule

D
Reabsorption of Cl - Active absorption

Solution

Glomerular filteration is the first step in urine formation. Glomerular Blood is filtered through filtration slits present in Bowman's capsule. The amount of the filtrate formed by the kidneys per minute is called the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). GFR is about 125 ml/minute, i.e., 180 liters per day.
So, the correct answer is 'Option B'.
Question 4
1 / -0

Find out the correct labeling

A
a - Nephron, b -Cortex, c - Medulla, d - Pelvis, e - Ureter

B
a - Cortex, b - Nephron, c - Pelvis, d - Medulla, e - Ureter

C
a - Cortex, b - Medulla, c - Nephron, d - Pelvis, e - Ureter

D
a - Nephron, b - Cortex, c - Medulla, d - Ureter, e - Pelvis

Solution

a) Nephron - It is the structural and functional unit of the kidney.
b) Cortex - It is the outer portion of kidney present between the renal capsule and renal medulla. It consists of blood vessels connect to the nephrons
c) Medulla - It is the inner region of the kidney. It consists of 8-12 renal pyramids which empty into calyx of the kidney.
D) Pelvis - It is the point at which 2 or 3 major calyces join together. It is funnel-shaped dilated part of the ureter
e) Ureter - It is a tube carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
So, the correct answer is 'Option A'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Which one is true?
Urine is hypertonic in distal convoluted tubule
When urine passes into collecting tubule it becomes hypotonic
Urine is isotonic in proximal convolute tubule
Urine becomes more and more hypotonic as it passes through Henles loop

A
1 and 4

B
1, 2, 3

C
2, 3

D
3

Solution

The proximal tubule can be anatomically divided into two segments:- T he proximal convoluted tubule and the proximal straight tubule. The solutes are absorbed isotonically, in that the osmotic potential of the fluid leaving the proximal tubule is the same as that of the initial glomerular filtrate. However, glucose, amino acids, inorganic phosphate, and some other solutes are reabsorbed via secondary active transport through co-transport channels driven by the sodium gradient out of the nephron.

So, the statement 'Urine is isotonic in proximal convoluted tubule' is True.
Question 6
1 / -0

The first formed nitrogenous waste of vertebrates is

A
$$NH_2$$

B
Urea

C
$$NH_3$$

D
$$NH_4$$

Solution

For terrestrial vertebrates, nitrogenous wastes are removed from body fluids by the action of the kidneys, the same organ involved in maintaining water balance. Ammonia the direct waste produced as a byproduct of protein metabolism. Produced by all animals. Because of its toxicity, many animals convert ammonia into a less toxic form. Any conversion of ammonia into other forms comes at a price, for animals must expend cellular energy (ATP) to convert ammonia to either form of nitrogenous waste listed below.

So, the correct option is 'Ammonia'.
Question 7
1 / -0

Region of nephron found in renal medulla is

A
Malpighian corpuscle

B
Proximal convoluted tubule

C
Distal convoluted tubule

D
Henle's loop

E
Glomerulus
Solution
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
- Loop of Henle, long U-shaped portion of the tube that conducts piddle within every nephron of the urinary organ of reptiles, birds, and mammals.
- The principal performance of the loop of Henle is in the recovery of water and common salt from urine and it's found within the renal medulla is Henle's loop.
- Henle's loop could be a hairpin-shaped space of the tube with a downhill limb and an ascending limb. Hence, the region of the nephron found in the renal medulla is Henle's loop.
Question 8
1 / -0

Wolffian body is also known as

A
Pronephros

B
Mesonephros

C
Abnormal heart

D
Metanephros

Solution

The Wolffian duct (also known as an archinephric duct, Leydig's duct, mesonephric duct, or nephric duct) is a paired organ found in mammals including humans during embryogenesis. It connects the primitive kidney Wolffian body (or mesonephros) to the cloaca and serves as the analogue for certain male reproductive organs.

So, the correct option is 'Mesonephros'.
Question 9
1 / -0

Marine teleost fish excrete

A
Ammonia

B
Urea

C
Uric acid

D
Amino acids

Solution

The nitrogen-containing compounds excreted by the sculpin, starry flounder, and blue sea-perch were investigated. Approximately four-fifths of the nitrogenous material was excreted via the gills. Ammonia and urea were the main components of the excreta in all three species. The amount excreted in 24 hours varied greatly between fish of any one species, but the percentage composition was reasonably constant.

So, the correct option is 'Urea'.
Question 10
1 / -0

Excretion of dilute urine is due to

A
More secretion of aldosterone

B
Less secretion of vasopressin

C
Less secretion of glucagon

D
More secretion of insulin

Solution

Aldosterone is the hormone produced by the adrenal gland. Aldosterone balance sodium and potassium in our body. When Excess of aldosterone is produced by the adrenal gland causes the body to lose potassium and retain sodium. It leads to excretion of dilute urine.
So, the correct answer is 'More secretion of aldosterone'.

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 31

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 31

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Ammonotelic

Ureotelic

Uricotelic

Both B and C

Solution

Question 2

Urogenolysis

Ureolysis

Uricolysis

Ureotolysis

Solution

Question 3

Glomerular filtrate - serum with protein

Glomerular filtration rate - 125 ml/min

Reabsorption collecting tubule

Reabsorption of Cl - Active absorption

Solution

Question 4

a - Nephron, b -Cortex, c - Medulla, d - Pelvis, e - Ureter

a - Cortex, b - Nephron, c - Pelvis, d - Medulla, e - Ureter

a - Cortex, b - Medulla, c - Nephron, d - Pelvis, e - Ureter

a - Nephron, b - Cortex, c - Medulla, d - Ureter, e - Pelvis

Solution

Question 5

1 and 4

1, 2, 3

2, 3

3

Solution

Question 6

$$NH_2$$

Urea

$$NH_3$$

$$NH_4$$

Solution

Question 7

Malpighian corpuscle

Proximal convoluted tubule

Distal convoluted tubule

Henle's loop

Glomerulus

Solution

Question 8

Pronephros

Mesonephros

Abnormal heart

Metanephros

Solution

Question 9

Ammonia

Urea

Uric acid

Amino acids

Solution

Question 10

More secretion of aldosterone

Less secretion of vasopressin

Less secretion of glucagon

More secretion of insulin

Solution

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