Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 33

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 33

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Question 1
1 / -0

Characteristics shared by urea, uric acid and ammonia are
a. They are nitrogenous wastes
b. They need a large amount of water for excretion
c. They are equally toxic
d. They are produced in kidneys.

A
a, c

B
a, d

C
a, c, d

D
a only

Solution

The characteristic shared by urea, uric acid and ammonia are they are nitrogenous wastes. In comparison to Ammonia and Urea, uric acid is the least toxic and the least soluble in water. It can be stored in cells and body tissues without any toxic effects and hence needs less water for excretion when compared to Ammonia and urea.
So, the correct answer is 'a only'.
Question 2
1 / -0

Find the correct answers about glomerular filtrate
1. Formed continuouslythrough ultrafiltration of blood
2. Lipid free fluid collects in the lumen of Bowmans capsule
3. Protein free fluid collects in the lumen of Bowmans capsule
4. Formed by process of selective reabsorption.

A
1, 2, 3 correct

B
1, 2 correct

C
2, 4, correct

D
1, 3 correct

Solution

1) The first step in the urine formation is the filtration of blood which is carried out by the glomerulus and is called glomerular filtration or ultrafiltration. The filtrate formed is known as glomerular filtrate and is formed continuously through ultrafiltration of blood.
2) Protein-free fluid collects in the lumen of Bowman's capsule because filtration slits present in Bowman's capsule are minute pores through which relatively larger particles like proteins cannot pass.
So, the correct answer is '1, 3 correct'.
Question 3
1 / -0

Number of mitochondria is maximum in part of uriniferous tubule

A
PCT

B
Loop of Henle

C
DCT

D
Bowmans capsule

Solution

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is lined with cuboidal epithelium with brush border. Almost all essential nutrients and 70-80 % of electrolytes and water are reabsorbed by PCT. The maximum number of mitochondria are present in PCT as the mitochondria support energy requirements of the sodium-potassium pump.
So, the correct answer is 'PCT'.
Question 4
1 / -0

The substance present in higher concentration in blood than glomerular filtrate is __________

A
Plasma proteins

B
Urea

C
Water

D
Glucose

Solution

The substance present in higher concentration in blood than glomerular filtrate is plasma proteins because plasma proteins are relatively larger in size so they cannot pass through the minute pores (filtration slits) present in Bowman's capsule and remain in blood only.
So, the correct answer is 'Plasma proteins'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Which of the following processes creates high osmotic pressure in uriniferous tubule?

A
Active secretion of $$Na^+$$ into efferent arteriole followed by Cl secretion

B
Active $$Na^+$$ absorption followed by Cl absorption

C
Active secretion of $$Cl^-$$ and absorption of $$Na^+$$ into efferent arteriole

D
Active Cl absorption followed by absorption of $$Na^+$$

Solution

The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. It is also called as uriniferous tubule. The active absorption of Na+ ion followed by the absorption of Cl created high osmotic pressure in the uriniferous tubule.
So, the correct answer is 'Active Na+ absorption followed by Cl absorption'.
Question 6
1 / -0

In which part of nephron absorption of filtrate maximum

A
Distal convoluted tubule

B
Proximal convoluted tubule

C
Glomerulus

D
Henles loop

Solution

The part of the nephron in which absorption is maximum is Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) because PCT is lined with Cuboidal epithelium with brush border. It increases the surface area for absorption. Almost all essential nutrients and 70-80 % of electrolytes and water are reabsorbed by PCT.
So, the correct answer is 'Proximal convoluted tubule'.
Question 7
1 / -0

Compare the statements :
Statement A. When the urine moves through the descending limb, it becomes hypertonic and as it passes through the ascending limb of loop of Henle, it becomes hypotonic
Statement B. The descending limb is permeable to sodium ions, while the ascending limb is impermeable to sodium ions

A
Statement A is correct and B is wrong

B
Statement A is wrong and B is correct

C
Both statements A and B are wrong

D
Both statements A and B are correct

Solution

When the urine moves through the descending limb, it becomes hypertonic and as it passes through the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, it becomes hypotonic because the descending limb is permeable to water and impermeable to sodium ions, while the ascending limb is impermeable to water and permeable to sodium ions.
So, the correct answer is 'Statement A is correct and B is wrong'.
Question 8
1 / -0

A large quantity of fluid is filtered out of blood every day by nephrons. Only 1% of it is excreted as urine. The remaining 99%

A
Gets collected in renal pelvis

B
Is lost as sweat

C
Is absorbed into blood

D
Is stored in urinary bladder

Solution

About 180 litres (100%) of fluid is filtered out of blood every day by nephrons but an adult human excretes, on an average, 1 to 1.5 litres (1 %) of urine per day. The remaining 99% is absorbed into the blood to maintain constant homeostasis in the body.
So, the correct answer is 'Is absorbed into blood'.
Question 9
1 / -0

Curved portion of Henle's loop is lined by

A
Columnar epithelium

B
Cuboidal epithelium

C
Squamous epithelium

D
Cihated epithelium

Solution

The loop of Henle is the U-shaped portion of the nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule. The curved portion of Henle's loop is lined by squamous epithelium. The squamous epithelium enables rapid diffusion of blood and diffusion of small molecules.
So, the correct answer is 'Squamous epithelium'.
Question 10
1 / -0

Renal fluid isotonic to cortical fluid and blood occurs in

A
Distal convulated tubule and ascending limb

B
Collecting duct and ascending limb

C
Proximal convuluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule

D
Ascending limb and descending limb

Solution

The first step in the urine formation is the filtration of blood. which is carried out by the glomerulus and is called glomerular filtration. The filtrate formed is also called as renal fluid. The Renal fluid isotonic to cortical fluid and blood occurs in proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule.
So, the correct answer is 'Proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule'.

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 33

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 33

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

a, c

a, d

a, c, d

a only

Solution

Question 2

1, 2, 3 correct

1, 2 correct

2, 4, correct

1, 3 correct

Solution

Question 3

PCT

Loop of Henle

DCT

Bowmans capsule

Solution

Question 4

Plasma proteins

Urea

Water

Glucose

Solution

Question 5

Active secretion of $$Na^+$$ into efferent arteriole followed by Cl secretion

Active $$Na^+$$ absorption followed by Cl absorption

Active secretion of $$Cl^-$$ and absorption of $$Na^+$$ into efferent arteriole

Active Cl absorption followed by absorption of $$Na^+$$

Solution

Question 6

Distal convoluted tubule

Proximal convoluted tubule

Glomerulus

Henles loop

Solution

Question 7

Statement A is correct and B is wrong

Statement A is wrong and B is correct

Both statements A and B are wrong

Both statements A and B are correct

Solution

Question 8

Gets collected in renal pelvis

Is lost as sweat

Is absorbed into blood

Is stored in urinary bladder

Solution

Question 9

Columnar epithelium

Cuboidal epithelium

Squamous epithelium

Cihated epithelium

Solution

Question 10

Distal convulated tubule and ascending limb

Collecting duct and ascending limb

Proximal convuluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule

Ascending limb and descending limb

Solution

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