Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 37

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 37

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

The peritubular capillaries of the nephron arise from the

A
Afferent arteriole

B
Efferent arteriole

C
Renal artery

D
Arcuate artery
Solution
The efferent arterioles are the arterioles that take blood away from the glomerulus.
The efferent arterioles give rise to peritubular capillaries.
Peritubular capillaries are tiny blood vessels, that travel alongside nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the nephron.
So, the correct answer is 'Efferent arteriole'.
Question 2
1 / -0

Retroperitional origin in human being is

A
Liver

B
Stomach

C
Kidney

D
Spleen

Solution

Kidney helps in the purification of blood and formation of urine. It is a bean-shaped organ which is present in the abdominal cavity. The retroperitoneal organ is located behind the peritoneum and outside the cavity. Such organs have peritoneum at the anterior side. These are not suspended by the mesentery in the abdominal cavity. Kidney lies between the parietal peritoneum and abdominal wall.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 3
1 / -0

Which one of the following is present in the renal pyramid

A
Peritubular capillary

B
Convoluted tubules

C
Collecting ducts

D
Both A and C

Solution

The renal pyramid is the triangular shape medullary tissue in the kidney.
Medulla of kidney contains a loop of Henley, collecting tubes while the glomerulus and convoluted tubules (PCT, DCT) are situated in the cortex.
Peritubular capillaries are the network of blood vessels around the loop of Henley. As loop of Henley is in renal pyramid peritubular capillaries are also present in renal pyramid
So the only peritubular capillaries and collecting ducts are present in the renal pyramid but not the convoluted tubules.
Question 4
1 / -0

Site of maximum reabsorption is ______________.

A
Glomerulus

B
Afferent arteriole

C
PCT

D
Bowman's capsule
Question 5
1 / -0

Podocyte layer that provides outer lining to the surface of glomerular capillaries are found in ______________.

A
Bowman's capsule

B
loop of Henle

C
renal artery

D
ureter
Question 6
1 / -0

The constituents of glomerular filtrate are

A
Water, proteins, urea, uric acid and glucose

B
Water latty acids, amino acids, vitamins and urea

C
Water and organic substances like urea, glucose, amino acid and vitamins

D
Water, fat, protein and urea

Solution

Water and many dissolved substances from blood are filtered into the lumen of the Bowman's capsule through glomerular filtration. The glomerular filtrate contains a large amount of water and organic substances like urea, glucose, amino acids and vitamins. It does not contain proteins and fats.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 7
1 / -0

Which of the following is the correct match with the function of a specific part of human nephron?

A
Afferent arteriole- carries the blood away from the glomerulus towards renal vein

B
Podocytes-Create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule

C
Henle's loop- reabsorption of the major substances from the glomerular filtrate

D
Distal convulated tubule-reabsorption of $$K^+$$ ions into the surrounding blood capillaries

Solution

B. Podocytes-Create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule
Reason: Podocyte is an epithelial cell of the renal glomerulus. It is attached to the outer surface of the glomerular capillary basement membrane by cytoplasmic foot processes. They create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule. Endothelial cells of the glomerular capillary loop and the glomerular basement membrane, they form a filtration barrier.
Question 8
1 / -0

Due to insufficient filtration in the Bowman's all are likely to happen except:

A
Accumulation of fluid in the body

B
Increase in blood pressure

C
Increase in blood urea level

D
Loss of glucose through urine

Solution

Insufficient filtration in the bowman's capsule increases the blood volume due to the accumulation of fluid as extra water is not excreted through urine. The increase in blood volume in turns increases arterial pressure. Insufficient filtration also increases the level of urea, uric acid, creatinine, salts and water in the blood. But insufficient filtration does not lead to loss of glucose in the urine, in fact, this glucose remains in the blood when got unfiltered. Loss of glucose in the urine may take place due to insufficient re-absorption but not due to insufficient filtration. Therefore, the option (D) is correct.
Question 9
1 / -0

The net pressure gradient that causes the fluid to filter out of the glomeruli in the capsule is

A
$$20mm$$ $$Hg$$

B
$$75mm$$ $$Hg$$

C
$$30mm$$ $$Hg$$

D
$$50mm$$ $$Hg$$
Solution
Correct answer: A

Explanation:
- The net pressure gradient that's the reason for the fluid to filtrate the glomeruli into the capsule is 20 mm Hg.
- 75 mm Hg is just too high for the fluid to filtrate the glomeruli into the membrane.
- Regarding 20 percent of the plasma, fluid is filtered out into the membrane as a result of the net filtration rate of 10-15 mm Hg.
- Hence, the net pressure gradient that causes the fluid to filtrate is 20 mm Hg.
Hence, the proper answer is '20 mmHg'
Question 10
1 / -0

What is glomerular filtrate ?

A
Blood minus corpuscles

B
Blood minus impurities like $$NH_3NH_2CONH_2$$ and corpuscles also

C
Blood minus blood corpuscles and plasma proteins

D
Mixture of blood and water
Solution
Correct Option: C

Explanation:
- The diameter of the efferent arteriole is narrower than the afferent arteriole.
- Due to this, a hydrostatic pressure is created in the blood flowing through the glomerulus which forces the liquid part of the blood into the Bowman’s capsule.
- This liquid part of the blood is devoid of blood corpuscles and plasma proteins.
- This filtration under high pressure is called ultrafiltration.
- The liquid which enters into the Bowman’s capsule is called glomerular filtrate.
Hence, glomerular filtrate ia blood minus blood corpuscles and plasma proteins.

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 37

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 37

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Afferent arteriole

Efferent arteriole

Renal artery

Arcuate artery

Solution

Question 2

Liver

Stomach

Kidney

Spleen

Solution

Question 3

Peritubular capillary

Convoluted tubules

Collecting ducts

Both A and C

Solution

Question 4

Glomerulus

Afferent arteriole

PCT

Bowman's capsule

Question 5

Bowman's capsule

loop of Henle

renal artery

ureter

Question 6

Water, proteins, urea, uric acid and glucose

Water latty acids, amino acids, vitamins and urea

Water and organic substances like urea, glucose, amino acid and vitamins

Water, fat, protein and urea

Solution

Question 7

Afferent arteriole- carries the blood away from the glomerulus towards renal vein

Podocytes-Create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule

Henle's loop- reabsorption of the major substances from the glomerular filtrate

Distal convulated tubule-reabsorption of $$K^+$$ ions into the surrounding blood capillaries

Solution

Question 8

Accumulation of fluid in the body

Increase in blood pressure

Increase in blood urea level

Loss of glucose through urine

Solution

Question 9

$$20mm$$ $$Hg$$

$$75mm$$ $$Hg$$

$$30mm$$ $$Hg$$

$$50mm$$ $$Hg$$

Solution

Question 10

Blood minus corpuscles

Blood minus impurities like $$NH_3NH_2CONH_2$$ and corpuscles also

Blood minus blood corpuscles and plasma proteins

Mixture of blood and water

Solution

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