Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 40

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 40

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Atrial natriuretic hormone / factor (ANF) secreted by atrial wall of our heart has exactly the opposite hormone secreted by zona glomerula -

A
ADH

B
Aldosterone

C
Androgen

D
Calcitonin
Solution
- ADH is a hormone made by the hypothalamus in the brain and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. It tells kidney how much water to conserve.
- ADH constantly regulates and balances the amount of water in blood
So, the correct option is 'ADH'.
Question 2
1 / -0

Which of the following is most likely to cause an increase in the glomerular filtration rate?

A
Volume depletion

B
Blockage of ureter

C
Dilation of the afferent arterioles

D
Release of Aldosterone from pituitary

Solution

Dilation of the afferent arterioles cause an increase in glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow as well, the reason being the vascular resistance is lessened while the hydrostatic pressure is increased when afferent arteriole gets dilated.
So, the correct option is 'Dilation of the afferent arterioles'.
Question 3
1 / -0

Ultrafiltration takes place in

A
Loop of Henle

B
Malpighian corpuscle

C
collecting duct

D
Minor calyx

Solution

Ultrafiltration occurs at the barrier between the blood and the filtrate in the Bowman's capsule in the kidneys. The Bowman's capsule contains a dense capillary network called the glomerulus. The afferent and efferent arterioles, glomeruli, and the Bowman's capsule together form the malpighian corpuscle.
So, the correct answer is 'Malpighian corpuscle'.
Question 4
1 / -0

The portion of nephron found in renal medulla is?

A
Loop of Henle

B
DCT

C
PCT

D
Malphigian corpuscle

Solution

The loop of Henle is the portion of a nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule. It is located in the renal medulla and its main function is to create a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 5
1 / -0

Which of the following is the most toxic excretory product?

A
$$CO_2$$

B
Ammonia

C
Urea

D
Amino acids

Solution

There are majorly the types of excretory product - Ammonia, Urea, and Uric acid.
Among these Ammonia is most toxic because ammonia is basic in nature and if ammonia is formed in more amount then it can hamper the acid base balance of our body. Increased cellular level of ammonia can result in hyperammonemia which leads to coma and death.
So, the correct option is (B).
Question 6
1 / -0

Which one of the following options gives the correct categorization of animals according to the type of nitrogenous waste they give out?

A
Pigeon, humans; Aquatic amphibia, lizards; Cockroach, frog

B
Frog, lizards; Aquatic amphibians, humans; Cockroach, pigeon

C
Aquatic animals; Frog, amphibians, humans; Pigeon, lizards, cockroach

D
Aquatic animals; Cockroach, amphibians, humans; Frog, pigeon, lizards

Solution

Aquatic animals are ammonotelic as they excrete ammonia. Frog, amphibians, and humans are ureotelic as they excrete urea. Pigeon, lizards, and cockroaches are uricotelic as they excrete uric acid.
So, the correct answer is (C).
Question 7
1 / -0

Which of the following options shows the correct measurements of an adult human kidney ?

A
$$10-12$$ cm $$5-7$$ cm $$2-3$$ cm

$$120-170$$ g

B
$$10-20$$ cm $$10-12$$ cm $$6-12$$ cm

$$40-50$$ g

C
$$2-6$$ cm $$8-10$$ cm $$5-10$$ cm

$$60-70$$ g

D
$$10-12$$ mm $$5-7$$ mm $$2-3$$ mm

$$120-170$$ mg

Solution

The kidneys are dark-red, bean-shaped organs about 10-12 cm long, 5-7 cm wide and 2-3 cm thick, each weight about 150 gm in an adult male and about 135 gm in an adult female.
So, the correct option is ' 10−12 cm 5−7 cm 2−3 cm
120−170 g'.
Question 8
1 / -0

Which of the following statements is incorrect ?

A
In ureotelic organisms, ammonia is not a product of metabolism.

B
In mammals, some amount of urea may be retained in the kidney matrix to maintain osmolarity.

C
In fish, kidneys do not play any significant role in the removal of ammonium ions.

D
Urea and uric acid are less toxic than ammonia.

Solution

In ureotelic organism, ammonia is produced by metabolism which then gets converted into urea. This urea is then excreted out by the kidneys and thus these animals are ureotelic.
Question 9
1 / -0

Which of these cells release renin when GFR drops?

A
Juxtaglomerular cells

B
Adrenal cortex

C
Adrenal medulla

D
Posterior pituitary

Solution

The juxtaglomerular cells are stimulated to secrete renin by three mechanisms, all of which are activated in response to decreased extracellular fluid volume. Macula densa cells stimulate juxtaglomerular cells to release renin when they detect a drop in sodium concentration in the tubular fluid.
So, the correct option is 'Juxtaglomerular cells'.
Question 10
1 / -0

A notch present on the inner medial side of kidney is known as

A
Ureter

B
Pelvis

C
Hilus

D
Pyramid

Solution

The medial concave border of a kidney contains a notch known as hilus through which the renal artery enters and the renal vein and ureter leave the kidney.

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 40

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 40

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

ADH

Aldosterone

Androgen

Calcitonin

Solution

Question 2

Volume depletion

Blockage of ureter

Dilation of the afferent arterioles

Release of Aldosterone from pituitary

Solution

Question 3

Loop of Henle

Malpighian corpuscle

collecting duct

Minor calyx

Solution

Question 4

Loop of Henle

DCT

PCT

Malphigian corpuscle

Solution

Question 5

$$CO_2$$

Ammonia

Urea

Amino acids

Solution

Question 6

Pigeon, humans; Aquatic amphibia, lizards; Cockroach, frog

Frog, lizards; Aquatic amphibians, humans; Cockroach, pigeon

Aquatic animals; Frog, amphibians, humans; Pigeon, lizards, cockroach

Aquatic animals; Cockroach, amphibians, humans; Frog, pigeon, lizards

Solution

Question 7

$$10-12$$ cm $$5-7$$ cm $$2-3$$ cm $$120-170$$ g

$$10-20$$ cm $$10-12$$ cm $$6-12$$ cm $$40-50$$ g

$$2-6$$ cm $$8-10$$ cm $$5-10$$ cm $$60-70$$ g

$$10-12$$ mm $$5-7$$ mm $$2-3$$ mm $$120-170$$ mg

Solution

Question 8

In ureotelic organisms, ammonia is not a product of metabolism.

In mammals, some amount of urea may be retained in the kidney matrix to maintain osmolarity.

In fish, kidneys do not play any significant role in the removal of ammonium ions.

Urea and uric acid are less toxic than ammonia.

Solution

Question 9

Juxtaglomerular cells

Adrenal cortex

Adrenal medulla

Posterior pituitary

Solution

Question 10

Ureter

Pelvis

Hilus

Pyramid

Solution

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$$10-12$$ cm $$5-7$$ cm $$2-3$$ cm

$$120-170$$ g

$$10-20$$ cm $$10-12$$ cm $$6-12$$ cm

$$40-50$$ g

$$2-6$$ cm $$8-10$$ cm $$5-10$$ cm

$$60-70$$ g

$$10-12$$ mm $$5-7$$ mm $$2-3$$ mm

$$120-170$$ mg