Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 41

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 41

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Question 1
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Given figure is of longitudinal section of kidney. Identify the parts labelled as A to D and select the correct option.

A
Cortex Calyx Renal column Ureter

B
Calyx Cortex Renal column Ureter

C
Medulla Cortex Renal capsule Urethra

D
Calyx Cortex Renal pelvis Urethra

Solution

From the above diagram:
A. Calyx
B. Cortex
C. Renal column
D. Ureter
So, the correct option is 'Calyx Cortex Renal column Ureter'.
Question 2
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Which of the following statements are false?
(i) Outer cortex and inner medulla are the two zones in kidney.
(ii) Medulla is divided into few renal pyramids.
(iii) Pyramid projects into calyx.
(iv) Inward extension of cortex between the pyramids is called renal column of Bertini.

A
(i) and (iv)

B
(ii) and (iv)

C
(ii) and (iii)

D
None of these

Solution

The cortex and medulla make up two of the internal layers of a kidney and are composed of individual filtering units known as nephrons. Renal medulla is the inner-most region of the kidney, arranged into pyramid-like structures, that consists of the bulk of nephron structure. The renal column of Bertini is a medullary extension of the renal cortex in between the renal pyramids. The point of each pyramid, called the papilla, projects into a calyx.
So the correct option is 'None of these'.
Question 3
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Which one of the following is not a part of renal pyramid?

A
Peritubular capillaries

B
Convoluted tubules

C
Collecting ducts

D
Loop of Henle
Solution
Correct Answer: (B) Convoluted tubules.
Explanation:
Peritubular capillaries, collecting ducts, and loop of Henle are the integral parts of the renal pyramid.
Renal pyramids are present in the medullary region kidney.
Convoluted tubules are located in the cortical region of the kidney, not in the renal pyramid.
Hence, Convoluted tubules are not part of a renal pyramid.
Question 4
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Columns of Bertini in the kidneys of mammals are formed as extensions of

A
Cortex in medulla

B
Cortex in pelvis

C
Medulla in pelvis

D
Pelvis in ureter

Solution

The column of Bertini, also known as the renal column is a medullary extension of the renal cortex in between the renal pyramids. It allows the cortex to be better anchored. Each column consists of lines of blood vessels and urinary tubes and a fibrous material.
So, the correct option is 'Cortex in medulla'.
Question 5
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Mark the wrong match from the following:

A
Bowman's capsule-Glomerular filtration

B
DCT-Absorption of glucose

C
Henle's loop-Concentration of urine

D
PCT-Absorption of $$Na^+$$ and $$K^+$$ ions

Solution

Distal convoluted tubule helps in reabsorption of calcium, sodium, and chloride, it has no role in the absorption of glucose.
So, the correct option is 'DCT-Absorption of glucose'.
Question 6
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A fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) activates

A
Juxtaglomerular cells to release renin

B
Atria of the heart to release ANF

C
adrenal medulla to release adrenaline

D
Posterior pituitary to release vasopressin
Solution
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
When GFR falls, juxtaglomerular cells are activated and renin is released.
When blood volume increases, ANF is secreted.
When there is a loss of surplus fluid from the body, adrenaline is produced, and vasopressin is released.
When stretch receptors in the arterial walls sense a reduction in pressure, or when triggered by macula densa cells, juxtaglomerular cells produce renin.
When they detect a decline in sodium content in tubular fluid, macula densa cells in the distal convoluted tubule activate juxtaglomerular cells to produce renin.
Hence, a fall in GFR activates Juxtaglomerular cells to release renin.
Question 7
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All Bowman's capsules of the kidney are found in

A
Cortex

B
Pelvis

C
Medulla

D
None of these

Solution

Bowman's capsule is a cup-like sack at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron. A glomerulus is enclosed in the sac. Fluids from blood in the glomerulus are collected in the Bowman's capsule (i.e., glomerular filtrate) and further processed along the nephron to form urine. This process is known as ultrafiltration. All glomeruli are located in the renal cortex.
Thus, the correct answer is 'cortex.'
Question 8
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A Malpighian body is constituted by

A
Glomerulus only

B
Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule

C
Glomerulus and Efferent vessel

D
Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule and Efferent vessel

Solution

A malphagian body is constituted of two parts - Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. The glomerulus is the tuft of capillaries and has the filtering apparatus. The Bowman's capsule has a cup-like sack present at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron.
So, the correct answer is (B).
Question 9
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A large quantity of fluid is filtered everyday by nephrons in the kidneys but only about $$1%$$ of it is excreted as urine. The remaining $$99%$$ of the filtrate

A
is stored in the urinary bladder

B
is re-absorbed into the blood

C
gets collected in the renal pelvis

D
is lost as sweat

Solution

A comparison of the volume of the filtrate formed per day ($$180$$ litres per day) with that of the urine released ($$%1.5$$ litres). suggests that nearly $$99%$$ of the filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules into the blood.
Question 10
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Select the option that correctly identifies the parts labelled from A to F in the given figure of nephron.

A
Afferent arteriole PCT Henle's loop DCT Collecting duct Vasta recta

B
Efferent arteriole PCT Henle's loop DCT Collecting duct Vasa recta

C
Afferent arteriole Peritubular capillaries Henle's loop DCT PCT Collecting duct

D
Afferent arteriole Henle's loop Collecting duct PCT DCT Peritubular capillaries

Solution

According to the above diagram:
A. Afferent arteriole
B. Peritubular capillaries
C. Henle's loop
D. DCT - Distal convoluted tubule
E. PCT - Proximal convoluted tubule
F. Collecting duct
So, the correct option is 'Afferent arteriole Peritubular capillaries Henle's loop DCT PCT Collecting duct'.