Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 42

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 42

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which of the following statements is correct?

A
Malpighian corpuscles and glomerulus constitute the Bowman's capsule.

B
Renal corpuscle and glomerulus constitute Malpighian corpuscle.

C
Bowman's corpuscles and Malpighian tubules constitute the glomerulus.

D
Bowman's cpasule and glomerulus togethr constitute renal corpuscle.

Solution

A renal corpuscle is the blood-filtering component of the nephron of the kidney. It consists of a glomerulus - a tuft of capillaries composed of endothelial cells, and a glomerular capsule known as Bowman's capsule.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Bowman's capsule and glomerulus together constitute renal corpuscle.'
Question 2
1 / -0

Liquid which collects in the cavity of Bowman's capsule is

A
Concentrated urine

B
Plasma minus blood proteins and blood cells

C
Glycogen and water

D
Sulphates and water

Solution

Any small molecules such as water, glucose, salt (NaCl), amino acids, and urea pass freely into Bowman's space, but cells, platelets, and large proteins do not. As a result, the filtrate leaving the Bowman's capsule is very similar to blood plasma (filtrate or glomerular filtrate is composed of blood plasma minus plasma protein i.e. it contains all the components of blood plasma except the proteins) in composition as it passes into the proximal convoluted tubule.
Thus, the correct option is 'Plasma minus blood proteins and blood cells.'
Question 3
1 / -0

The given figure represents the Malpighian body. Identify the labelled parts A to D and select the correct option.

A
Efferent arteriole Afferent arteriole Bowman's capsule Proximal convoluted tubule

B
Afferent arteriole Efferent arteriole Renal corpuscle Proximal convoluted tubule

C
Affferent arteriole Efferent arteriole Bowman's capsule Proximal convoluted tubule

D
Afferent arteriole Efferent arteriole Bowman's capsule Distal convoluted tubule

Solution

A kidney receives the blood by a renal artery that arises from the dorsal aorta.
A. Afferent arteriole: In the kidney, the renal artery divides and subdivides to send an afferent arteriole into each Bowman's capsule. The afferent arteriole forms a globular bunch of about 50 parallel capillaries called the glomerulus.
B. Efferent arteriole: The glomerular capillaries rejoin to form an efferent arteriole by which a reduced volume of blood leaves the glomerulus.
C. Bowman's capsule: It is a large, double-walled cup. It lies in the renal cortex and forms the beginning of the nephron. It contains a glomerulus in it.
D. Proximal convoluted tubule: It starts from the neck of Bowman's capsule and is greatly twisted. It lies in the renal cortex.
So, the correct answer is 'Afferent arteriole, Efferent arteriole, Bowman's capsule, Proximal convoluted tubule'.
Question 4
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Consider the following statements each with one or two blanks.
(i) Towards the centre of the inner concave surface of the kidney is a notch called (1) through which ureters, blood vessels and nerves enter.
(ii) The medulla of kidney is divided into a few conical masses called (2) projecting into the (3)
(iii) Glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries formed by the (4) artery. Blood from the glomerulus is carried away by an (5) artery.
Which one of the following options correctly fills the blanks in any two of the statements?

A
(1) -renal pelvis, (2) -calyces, (3) -medullary pyramids.

B
(2) -medullary pyramids, (3) -calyces , (4) -afferent, (5) -efferent

C
(2) -columns if Bertini, (3) -chordae tendinae, (4) -efferent, (5) -afferent

D
(1) -hilum, (4) -efferent, (5) -afferent

Solution

Renal medulla is the inner-most region of the kidney, arranged into pyramid-like structures, that consists of the bulk of nephron structure. The point of each pyramid, called the papilla, projects into a calyx. The glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries formed by the afferent arteriole – a fine branch of the renal artery. Blood from the glomerulus is carried away by an efferent arteriole.
So, the correct option is '(2) -medullary pyramids, (3) -calyces , (40 -afferent,
(5) -efferent'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Of the total nephrons, juxtamedullary nephrons constitute

A
15%

B
45%

C
65%

D
85%

Solution

Juxtamedullary nephrons form about $$15%$$ of total nephrons. Their glomeruli are found in the inner margin of the cortex. They control plasma volume when water supply is short.
Question 6
1 / -0

A fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) activates

A
Juxtaglomerular cells to release renin

B
Adrenal cortex to release aldosterone

C
Adrenal medulla to release adrenaline

D
Posterior pituitary to release vasopressin

Solution

Correct option: A

Explanation:

When GFR decreases /fall then it stimulates JG cells which further releases renin and because of the glomerular blood flow stimulates and GFR goes back to normal. GFR stimulates JG cells which release renin which then glomerular blood flow stimulates and GFR goes back to normal.

Hence, ‘Juxtaglomerular cells to release renin’ is correct answer.
Question 7
1 / -0

3Refer the given figure showing structure of Malphigian corpuscle. To facilitate ultrafiltration through glomerular capillaries ________.

A
part 'D' is narrower than part 'A'

B
part 'A' is narrower than part 'D'

C
part 'C' is narrower than part 'D'

D
part 'B' is narrower than part 'D'

Solution

In the given diagram of the Malpighian corpuscle, A shows the afferent arteriole and D shows the capillaries of the glomerulus. The capillaries are narrower than the arterioles in order to facilitate ultrafiltration through glomerular capillaries.
So the correct answer is 'part 'D' is narrower than part 'A'.'
Question 8
1 / -0

Absorption spectrum of chl $$a$$ shows maximum absorption in _________ and __________ regions of light.

A
blue and green

B
blue and red

C
red and green

D
red and far red

Solution

Absorption spectrum of chl $$a$$ shows maximum absorption in blue red regions of visible light spectrum.
Question 9
1 / -0

Select the correct statement.

A
The juxta medullary nephrons have reduced Henle's loop.

B
Vasa recta is well developed in cortical nephrons.

C
The PCT and DCT are situated in the medulla of the kidney.

D
The ascending limb of the Henle's loop is connected to DCT.

Solution

The correct statements are:

(i) The juxtamedullary nephrons have an elongated Henle's loop.

(ii) The Vasa recta are not well-developed in cortical nephrons.

(iii) The PCT and DCT are situated in the cortex of the kidney.

(iv) The ascending limb of the Henle's loop is connected to DCT.
Thus, the correct answer is 'The ascending limb of the Henle's loop is connected to DCT.'
Question 10
1 / -0

Statement 1: Small amount of urea enters the thick segment of Henle's loop which is transported back to interstitium by collecting tubules.
Statement 2: Collecting tubules and the thick segment of Henle's loop are permeable to urea.

A
Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.

B
Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.

C
Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct.

D
Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

Solution

Chordae tendineae are cords that prevent the valve from collapsing back into the right atrium during powerful right ventricular contraction. When the right ventricle contracts forcing blood into the pulmonary artery, the tricuspid valve closes the aperture to the right atrium thereby preventing any backflow of blood. Thus, if chordae tendineae of the tricuspid valve becomes partially non-functional, then the flow of blood into the pulmonary artery will be reduced.
So the correct answer is 'Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.'.

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 42

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 42

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Question 1

Malpighian corpuscles and glomerulus constitute the Bowman's capsule.

Renal corpuscle and glomerulus constitute Malpighian corpuscle.

Bowman's corpuscles and Malpighian tubules constitute the glomerulus.

Bowman's cpasule and glomerulus togethr constitute renal corpuscle.

Solution

Question 2

Concentrated urine

Plasma minus blood proteins and blood cells

Glycogen and water

Sulphates and water

Solution

Question 3

Efferent arteriole Afferent arteriole Bowman's capsule Proximal convoluted tubule

Afferent arteriole Efferent arteriole Renal corpuscle Proximal convoluted tubule

Affferent arteriole Efferent arteriole Bowman's capsule Proximal convoluted tubule

Afferent arteriole Efferent arteriole Bowman's capsule Distal convoluted tubule

Solution

Question 4

(1) -renal pelvis, (2) -calyces, (3) -medullary pyramids.

(2) -medullary pyramids, (3) -calyces , (4) -afferent, (5) -efferent

(2) -columns if Bertini, (3) -chordae tendinae, (4) -efferent, (5) -afferent

(1) -hilum, (4) -efferent, (5) -afferent

Solution

Question 5

15%

45%

65%

85%

Solution

Question 6

Juxtaglomerular cells to release renin

Adrenal cortex to release aldosterone

Adrenal medulla to release adrenaline

Posterior pituitary to release vasopressin

Solution

Question 7

part 'D' is narrower than part 'A'

part 'A' is narrower than part 'D'

part 'C' is narrower than part 'D'

part 'B' is narrower than part 'D'

Solution

Question 8

blue and green

blue and red

red and green

red and far red

Solution

Question 9

The juxta medullary nephrons have reduced Henle's loop.

Vasa recta is well developed in cortical nephrons.

The PCT and DCT are situated in the medulla of the kidney.

The ascending limb of the Henle's loop is connected to DCT.

Solution

Question 10

Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.

Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct.

Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.

Solution

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