Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 44

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 44

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Pick the odd ones in each of the following groups and select the correct option.
(i) Renal pelvis, Medullary pyramid, Renal cortex, Renal papilla
(ii) Afferent arteriole, Henle's loop, Vasa recta, Efferent arteriole
(iii) Glomerular filtration, Antidiuretic hormone, Hypertonic urine, Collecting duct
(iv) Proximal convoluted tubule, Distal convoluted tubule, Henle's loop, Renal corpuscle

A
(i)Renal pelvis (ii)Henle's loop (iii)Collecting duct tubule (iv)Distal convoluted tubule

B
(i)Renal papilla (ii)Afferent arteriole (iii)Antidiuretic hormone (iv)Henle's loop

C
(i)Medullary pyramid (ii)Efferent arteriole (iii)Hypertonic urine (iv)Proximal convoluted tubule

D
(i)Renal cortex (ii)Vasa recta (iii)Glomerular filtration (iv)Renal corpuscle

Solution

In the following groups, the odd ones are renal cortex, vasa recta, glomerular filtration & renal corpuscle.
So, the correct option is '(i)Renal cortex (ii)Vasa recta (iii)Glomerular filtration (iv)Renal corpuscle'.
Question 2
1 / -0

A person who is not talking food or beverages will have ________ in urine.

A
Little glucose

B
Less urea

C
Excess urea

D
Little fat

Solution

Urea is a nitrogenous waste formed as a result of the metabolism of various food/beverages in the body and is excreted in the urine. So, if a person is not taking food/beverages he will have less urea in his urine.
So the correct option is B.
Question 3
1 / -0

Read the given statements regarding the human excretory system and select the correct ones.
(i) Presence of glucose in urine is known as uremia.
(ii) Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) selectively secretes hydrogen ions, ammonia and potassium ions into the filtrate.
(iii) Macula densa formed bye cellular modifications in the distal convoluted tubule and the afferent arteriole at their contact location.
(iv) Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) can cause vasoconstriction when blood flow is low to the atria of the heart.

A
(i) and (ii)

B
(i) and (iii)

C
(ii) and (iii)

D
(iii) and (iv)

Solution

$$K^{+}$$ , $$H^{+}$$ , $$NH_{3}$$ and $$HCO_{3}$$ ions are secreted by active transport into the filtrate in the DCT. Juxtaglomerular apparatus is a sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in the DCT and the afferent arteriole at their contact location. Juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of juxtaglomerular cells, macula densa and lacis cells. Presence of glucose in the urine is called glycosuria. ANF can cause vasodilation when blood flow is high to the atria of the heart.
So the correct answer is '(ii) and (iii)'.
Question 4
1 / -0

The function of renin is

A
Stimulation of corpus luteum

B
Vasodilation

C
To reduce blood pressure

D
Conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin-I
Solution
The function of renin is to convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin I and further to angiotensin II in response to fall in glomerular blood flow/glomerular blood pressure/GFR. Angiotensin II, being a powerful vasoconstrictor, increases the glomerular blood pressure and thereby GFR.
It also activates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone.
Aldosterone causes reabsorption of $$Na^{+}$$ and water from distal parts of the tubule. This also leads to an increase in blood pressure and GFR.
So, the correct answer is 'Conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin-I'.
Question 5
1 / -0

The reabsorption of the sodium from glomerular filtrate is regulated by the hormone _____________.

A
Glucagon

B
Secretin

C
Aldosterone

D
Adrenaline
Solution
- Aldosterone is secreted by the outer layer of the adrenal gland.
- When aldosterone is present in the blood, all the $$Na^{+}$$ in the filtrate is reabsorbed by the epithelial cells of DCT and collecting duct.
- Retaining $$Na{+}$$ raises the osmotic pressure of the blood and reduces water loss from the body.
Question 6
1 / -0

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A
The medullary zone of kidney is divided into a few conical masses called medullary pyramid projecting into the calyces.

B
Inside the kidney the cortical region extends in between the medullary pyramids as renal pelvis.

C
Glomerulus along with Bowman's capsule is called the renal corpuscle.

D
Renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and distal convoluted tubule(DCT) of the nephron are situated in the cortical region of kidney.

Solution

The correct answer is B.
The renal columns are connective tissue extensions that radiate downward from the cortex through the medulla to separate the most characteristic features of the medulla, the renal pyramids and renal papillae.
Question 7
1 / -0

Ultrafiltering units of kidney are known as

A
Vena Cava

B
Glomerulus

C
Nephron

D
Tubule

Solution

The first step in making urine is to separate the liquid part of your blood (plasma), which contains all the dissolved solutes, from your blood cells. Each nephron in the kidneys has a microscopic filter, called a glomerulus that is constantly filtering the blood. Blood that is about to be filtered enters a glomerulus, which is a tuft of blood capillaries (the smallest of blood vessels). The glomerulus is nestled inside a cup-like sac located at the end of each nephron, called a glomerular capsule. Glomerular capillaries have small pores in their walls, just like a very fine mesh sieve. The physical characteristics of the glomerular capillary wall determine what is filtered and how much is filtered into the glomerular capsule.
So the correct option is 'glomerulus'.
Question 8
1 / -0

Study the following.

(i) Uricase enzyme is not found in apes and man.
(ii) Purine metabolism leads to the formation of uric acid.
(iii) In ureotelic organisms, carbondioxide and ammonia converted into urea through the Cori cycle.
(iv) More energy consumed is for the production of uric acid.
(v) TMO (Trimethylamine oxide) protects the proteins from the effect of urea in Chondrichthyes fishes.

Which of the given statements are correct?

A
All, except II

B
All, except III

C
All, except IV

D
All, except V

Solution

When muscles work continuously enough, oxygen is not reached to muscles to burn glucose aerobically in such conditions glucose is converted into lactic acid i.e anaerobic glycolysis. The lactic acid produced in muscles is moved to the liver and converted to glucose. In ureotelic organisms, lactic acid is converted into Glucose through the Cori cycle. This metabolic cycle was discovered by Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Cori, hence named Cori cycle.
So, the correct answer is 'Option B'.
Question 9
1 / -0

The kidneys in the human body

A
Excrete waste products and any excess of salts

B
Regulate the concentration of the salts in the blood and of the reaction (acid-base balance) of the blood

C
Regulate the water balance in the body

D
All of the above
Solution
- maintaining overall fluid balance.
- regulating and filtering minerals from blood.
- filtering waste materials from food, medications, and toxic substances.
- creating hormones that help produce red blood cells, promote bone health, and regulate blood pressure. So, the correct option is "D' (All of the above).
Question 10
1 / -0

What is the main source of uric acid for commercial production?

A
Waste matter deposited by seabirds (Guano)

B
Waste matter deposited by woodlouse (a land crustacean)

C
From the remains of some sea algae

D
From the waste matter deposited by bony fishes

Solution

The concentration of uric acid is high in the waste matter deposited by seabirds (Guano), which is also used as a fertilizer. It can be collected from uninhabited marine or littoral islands easily and in large scale. Other animals produce uric acid in very fewer concentrations and not used commercially.
The correct answer is 'Waste matter deposited by seabirds (guano)'.

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 44

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 44

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

(i)Renal pelvis (ii)Henle's loop (iii)Collecting duct tubule (iv)Distal convoluted tubule

(i)Renal papilla (ii)Afferent arteriole (iii)Antidiuretic hormone (iv)Henle's loop

(i)Medullary pyramid (ii)Efferent arteriole (iii)Hypertonic urine (iv)Proximal convoluted tubule

(i)Renal cortex (ii)Vasa recta (iii)Glomerular filtration (iv)Renal corpuscle

Solution

Question 2

Little glucose

Less urea

Excess urea

Little fat

Solution

Question 3

(i) and (ii)

(i) and (iii)

(ii) and (iii)

(iii) and (iv)

Solution

Question 4

Stimulation of corpus luteum

Vasodilation

To reduce blood pressure

Conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin-I

Solution

Question 5

Glucagon

Secretin

Aldosterone

Adrenaline

Solution

Question 6

The medullary zone of kidney is divided into a few conical masses called medullary pyramid projecting into the calyces.

Inside the kidney the cortical region extends in between the medullary pyramids as renal pelvis.

Glomerulus along with Bowman's capsule is called the renal corpuscle.

Renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and distal convoluted tubule(DCT) of the nephron are situated in the cortical region of kidney.

Solution

Question 7

Vena Cava

Glomerulus

Nephron

Tubule

Solution

Question 8

All, except II

All, except III

All, except IV

All, except V

Solution

Question 9

Excrete waste products and any excess of salts

Regulate the concentration of the salts in the blood and of the reaction (acid-base balance) of the blood

Regulate the water balance in the body

All of the above

Solution

Question 10

Waste matter deposited by seabirds (Guano)

Waste matter deposited by woodlouse (a land crustacean)

From the remains of some sea algae

From the waste matter deposited by bony fishes

Solution

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