Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 55

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 55

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Assertion : During the physiology of excretion,
                    deamination does not take place in liver cells.

Reason : Deamination is a process to make use of
                   excess of amino acids which cannot be
                    incorporated into the protoplasm

A
If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason

is a correct explanation of the assertion

B
If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is

not a correct explanation of the assertion

C
If the assertion is true but the reason is false

D
If both the assertion and reason are false

E
If the assertion is false but reason is true

Solution

Deamination is to make use of excess of amino acid which cannot be incorporated into the protoplasm by removal or protein or aminoacids or amino group from carboxyl group with the formation of ammonia and kato acid.
Question 2
1 / -0

Which one of the following correctly explains the function of a specific part of a human nephron?

A
Afferent arteriole: Carries the blood away from the glomerulus toward renal vein

B
Podocytes: Create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule

C
Henle's loop: Most reabsorption of the major substance from the glomerular filtrate

D
Distal convoluted tubule: Reabsorption of K$$^{+}$$ ions into the surrounding blood capillaries
Solution
Correct option: B

Explanation:
Podocytes create minute spaces or slit pores for the filtration of blood into the bowman's capsule. The long foot processes called pedicels increase the surface area, which enables ultrafiltration in nephrons.
Afferent arteriole carries blood from renal artery towards glomerulus.
Henle's loop mostly reabsorb water and sodium from the urine.
Distal convoluted tubule maintains PH and balance of sodium-potassium cations in the blood.
Thus, Option B is correct.
Question 3
1 / -0

Which is the most toxic excretory product and require 600 ml of water for throwing one gm of nitrogen?

A
Uric acid

B
Urea

C
Ammonia

D
Hippuric acid

Solution

Ammonia, the product of oxidative deamination reactions, is toxic in even small amounts and must be removed from the body. The urea cycle or the ornithine cycle describes the conversion reactions of ammonia into urea. Since, these reactions occur in the liver, the urea is then transported to the kidneys, where it is excreted.
Question 4
1 / -0

Filteration takes place in

A
Malpighian corpuscles

B
Bowman's capsule

C
Glomerulus

D
Collecting tubule

Solution

Filtration takes place through semipermeable walls of glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are collectively called malpighian corpuscle.
So, the correct answer is 'Malpighian corpuscles'
Question 5
1 / -0

Match the words of column (A) with that of column (B).

Column (A)
Column (B)
A. Phloem 1. Excretion
B. Nephron 2. Translocation of food
C. Veins 3. Clotting of blood
D. Platelets 4. Deoxygenated blood

A
A- 2, B- 1, C- 4, D- 3

B
A- 1, B- 2, C- 4, D- 3

C
A- 2, B- 1, C- 3, D- 4

D
A- 2, B- 4, C- 1, D- 3
Solution
- Phloem conducts food made in the leaves to all other parts of the plant. Phloem is composed of various specialized cells called sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibers, and phloem parenchyma cells.
- The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, the structure that actually produces urine in the process of removing waste and excess substances from the blood.
- In the circulatory system, veins are the blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart. Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart; exceptions are the pulmonary and umbilical veins, both of which carry oxygenated blood to the heart.
- Platelets, also called thrombocytes, are blood cells whose function (along with the coagulation factors) is to stop bleeding. Platelets have no nucleus, they are fragments of cytoplasm which are derived from the megakaryocytes of the bone marrow and then enter the circulation.
- Hence, the correct answer is 'A- 2, B- 1, C- 4, D- 3'.
Question 6
1 / -0

Of the total nephrons,the juxtamedullary nephrons constitute ........... %.

A
15

B
45

C
65

D
85
Solution
- A nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney.
- There are two types of nephrons: cortical nephrons (85 percent), which are deep in the renal cortex, and juxtamedullary nephrons.
- Juxtamedullary nephrons are found only in birds and mammals.
- These are juxtamedullary based on their Loop of Henle, which is deep in the renal medulla and the renal corpuscle is near the junction of the cortex and medulla and only around 15-20% of the nephrons are juxtamedullary.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 7
1 / -0

Tuft of capillary vessels which is surrounded by Bowman's capsule is

A
Malpighian corpuscle

B
Juxtaglomerular apparatus

C
Glomerulus

D
Loop of Henle

Solution

A tuft of capillaries situated within a Bowman's capsule at the end of a renal tubule in the vertebrate kidney, that filters waste products from the blood and thus initiates urine formation is called as the glomerulus.
Question 8
1 / -0

Proximal convoluted tubule is lined by a single layer of .......... cells.

A
Brush bordered cubical

B
Columnar

C
Squamous

D
Cubical

Solution

The luminal surface of the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron is covered with densely packed microvilli forming a border readily visible under the light microscope giving the brush border cell its name. The microvilli greatly increase the luminal surface area of the cells, facilitating their resorptive function.
Question 9
1 / -0

The dotted appearance of cortex of kidney is due to

A
Malpighian body

B
Convoluted parts

C
Loop of Henle

D
Collecting tubes

Solution

The nephron has two parts- a cup shaped body called malpighian corpuscle or renal corpuscle and a tubular part called renal tubule. The cortex has a dotted appearance because of the presence of these malpighian corpuscle. The striated appearance of the medulla is due to the renal tubule.
Question 10
1 / -0

In kidney, the high capillary bed is found

A
In Bowman's capsule

B
Around anterior tubules

C
Around loop of Henle

D
Absent

Solution

Bowman's capsule are double-walled, the cup-shaped structure around the glomerulus of each nephron of the vertebrate kidney. It serves as a filter to remove organic wastes, excess inorganic salts, and water. The Bowman's capsule is an expansion at the closed end of a renal tubule. A kidney's renal corpuscle is composed of tangled clusters of blood capillaries, called a glomerulus, and a thin-walled, sac-like structure called the Bowman's capsule, which surrounds the glomerulus.

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Column (A)	Column (B)
A. Phloem	1. Excretion
B. Nephron	2. Translocation of food
C. Veins	3. Clotting of blood
D. Platelets	4. Deoxygenated blood

Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 55

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 55

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Question 1

If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reasonis a correct explanation of the assertion

If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason isnot a correct explanation of the assertion

If the assertion is true but the reason is false

If both the assertion and reason are false

If the assertion is false but reason is true

Solution

Question 2

Afferent arteriole: Carries the blood away from the glomerulus toward renal vein

Podocytes: Create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule

Henle's loop: Most reabsorption of the major substance from the glomerular filtrate

Distal convoluted tubule: Reabsorption of K$$^{+}$$ ions into the surrounding blood capillaries

Solution

Question 3

Uric acid

Urea

Ammonia

Hippuric acid

Solution

Question 4

Malpighian corpuscles

Bowman's capsule

Glomerulus

Collecting tubule

Solution

Question 5

A- 2, B- 1, C- 4, D- 3

A- 1, B- 2, C- 4, D- 3

A- 2, B- 1, C- 3, D- 4

A- 2, B- 4, C- 1, D- 3

Solution

Question 6

15

45

65

85

Solution

Question 7

Malpighian corpuscle

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Glomerulus

Loop of Henle

Solution

Question 8

Brush bordered cubical

Columnar

Squamous

Cubical

Solution

Question 9

Malpighian body

Convoluted parts

Loop of Henle

Collecting tubes

Solution

Question 10

In Bowman's capsule

Around anterior tubules

Around loop of Henle

Absent

Solution

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If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason

is a correct explanation of the assertion

If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is

not a correct explanation of the assertion