Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 59

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 59

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

If kidneys fail to reabsorb water, the effect on tissue would

A
Remain unaffected

B
Shrink and shrivel

C
Absorb water from blood plasma

D
Take more O$$_2$$ from the blood

Solution

If the kidney fails to reabsorb water, the end result is dehydration causing the cells to shrink and shrivel due to steadily rising blood sodium level. Patients can urinate over a liter of fluid per hour. Due to this, the serum sodium level can increase precipitously. The resulting hypernatremia (ie: elevated sodium level) can cause seizures, altered mental status, and coma if not recognized and treated aggressively. So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 2
1 / -0

The urine under normal conditions does not contain glucose because

A
The normal blood sugar is fructose.

B
Glucose of blood is not filtered in the glomerulus.

C
Glucose in glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in the uriniferous tubules.

D
Glucose in glomerular filtrate is converted into glycogen.

Solution

When the glomerular filtrate comes in the proximal convoluted tubule, reabsorption of glucose and amino acids takes place through active transport. So, there is no glucose found in the urine.
Question 3
1 / -0

Excretory organs in fishes are

A
Malpighian corpuscles

B
Nephridia

C
Kidneys

D
Flame cell

Solution

The primary excretory organ in fishes, as in other vertebrates, is the kidney. In fishes, some excretion also takes place in the digestive tract, skin, and especially the gills (where ammonia is given off).
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 4
1 / -0

The filtrate from the glomerulus contains

A
Urea and uric acid

B
Urea, uric acid and ammonia

C
Urea, uric acid, ammonia and water

D
Urea, uric acid, glucose and water

Solution

The glomerulus filters blood and produces a glomerular filtrate. Glomerular filtrate contains water, ions (such as Na, K, Cl, Mg, Ca, H, etc.), bicarbonate, urea, uric acid, creatinine, any drugs that were ingested, bradykinins, small peptides including hormones, breakdown products of heme metabolism like bilirubin and protoporphyrins, autocoids and their metabolites, and also secreted organic acids and bases. Glomerular filtrate generally does not contain large proteins (unless renal damage) or cells like erythrocytes, lymphocytes, etc (unless glomerular damage). The bowman's capsule collects the filtrate and it enters the tubules. All glucose is reabsorbed immediately into the blood capillaries.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Question 5
1 / -0

Difference between glomerular filtrate and plasma is of

A
Proteins

B
Potassium

C
First is white whereas latter is yellow.

D
First is yellow whereas latter is white.

Solution

Blood plasma contains red and white blood cells, blood proteins, glucose, water, nitrogenous wastes, salt. Glomerular filtrate contains glucose, salt, water, nitrogenous wastes. Blood cells and plasma proteins are not filtered through the glomerular capillaries because they are relatively larger in size.
So, the correct answer is 'Proteins'
Question 6
1 / -0

The part of a nephron which opens into the collecting duct is/are

A
DCT

B
DCT and PCT

C
Henle 's loop

D
Glomerulus

Solution

The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is a portion of kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct system. The collecting tubule is the most proximal part of the collecting duct system. It is adjacent to the distal convoluted tubule, the most distal segment of the renal tubule.
Question 7
1 / -0

Tuft of capillaries in Bowman's capsule is called as

A
Glomerulus

B
Renal artery

C
Cortex

D
Proximal convoluted tubule

Solution

At the beginning of the nephron, the renal glomerulus is a network (tuft) of capillaries that performs the first step of filtering blood. The glomerulus is surrounded by Bowman's capsule. The blood plasma is filtered through the capillaries of the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule.
Question 8
1 / -0

Substrate which is not filtered through glomerulus is

A
Plasma

B
Glucose

C
Blood corpuscles

D
Urea

Solution

The blood flows under glomerulus at greater pressure. Fluid and small solutes are forced under pressure to flow from the glomerulus into the capsular space of the glomerular capsule. The Bowman's capsule is the filtration unit of the glomerulus. Blood entering the glomerulus has filterable and nonfilterable components. Filterable blood components include water, nitrogenous waste, and nutrients and will be transferred into the glomerulus to form the glomerular filtrate. Non-filterable blood components include blood cells and platelets remain in the arteriole. The size of the filtration slits restricts the passage of large molecules (eg, albumin) and cells (eg, red blood cells and platelets) into the renal tubules.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 9
1 / -0

Which one of the following glands does not help in excretion?

A
Liver

B
Sweat glands

C
Pancreas

D
Kidney
Solution
- The role played by the liver in excretion is conversion of ammonia (a major toxic metabolic nitrogenous product) into urea which is excreted through urine.
- Sweat is primarily composed of water (99%), various salts, and organic compounds in solution. It contains minute amounts of fatty materials, urea, and other wastes.
- Enzymes, or digestive juices, produced by the pancreas are secreted into the small intestine to further break down food after it has left the stomach. It has no role in excretion.
- The kidney helps in the excretion of the urea and other waste material from the blood in the form of urine.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 10
1 / -0

Frog's tadpole are

A
Ureotelic

B
Ammonotelic

C
Uricotelic

D
None of the above.

Solution

Tadpole is ammonotelic because it lives in water and has a large volume of water that is needed for the elimination of ammonia. It can eliminate ammonia was rapidly as it is formed, into the surrounding water. Adult frog is ureotelic because urea is far less toxic than ammonia and can be concentrated in the urine and excreted at slower rate.

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 59

Result

Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 59

Score

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Remain unaffected

Shrink and shrivel

Absorb water from blood plasma

Take more O$$_2$$ from the blood

Solution

Question 2

The normal blood sugar is fructose.

Glucose of blood is not filtered in the glomerulus.

Glucose in glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in the uriniferous tubules.

Glucose in glomerular filtrate is converted into glycogen.

Solution

Question 3

Malpighian corpuscles

Nephridia

Kidneys

Flame cell

Solution

Question 4

Urea and uric acid

Urea, uric acid and ammonia

Urea, uric acid, ammonia and water

Urea, uric acid, glucose and water

Solution

Question 5

Proteins

Potassium

First is white whereas latter is yellow.

First is yellow whereas latter is white.

Solution

Question 6

DCT

DCT and PCT

Henle 's loop

Glomerulus

Solution

Question 7

Glomerulus

Renal artery

Cortex

Proximal convoluted tubule

Solution

Question 8

Plasma

Glucose

Blood corpuscles

Urea

Solution

Question 9

Liver

Sweat glands

Pancreas

Kidney

Solution

Question 10

Ureotelic

Ammonotelic

Uricotelic

None of the above.

Solution

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