Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 6

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 6

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Question 1
1 / -0

Ultrafiltration takes place in

A
Blood capillaries

B
Tissue fluid

C
Glomerulus

D
Urinary bladder

Solution

Glomerular filtration is also called ultrafiltration. The water and salts are forced out of the glomerular capillaries and pass into the Bowman's capsule as the glomerular filtrate. This glomerular filtrate is formed at a rate of above 125 cubic centimeters per minute in humans. It consists of water, salt, glucose, urea.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 2
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Liquid part of the blood having undergone ultrafiltration from the glomerulus and reaching Bowman's capsule normally would not contain

A
Sugar (glucose)

B
Sodium chloride

C
Creatinine

D
Albumin
Solution
- Blood cells and plasma proteins are not filtered through the glomerular capillaries because they are relatively larger in size.
- The glomerular filtrate contains all the materials present in the blood except blood cells and most proteins, which are too large to cross the basement membrane of the glomerulus.
- Hence albumin (protein) is not present in the glomerular filtrate.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Question 3
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The extraction of urine from blood takes place through

A
Glomerulus

B
Bowman's capsule

C
Henle loop

D
Pelvis

Solution

When the blood enters the kidney via the renal artery, afferent arterioles delivers blood to an individual kidney nephron. The different diameter of the incoming and outgoing arterioles increases the blood pressure in the glomerulus. This increased blood pressure helps to force most of the water, salts, glucose, urea of the blood out of the glomerular capillaries. The water and salts that have been forced out of the glomerular capillaries pass into the Bowman's capsule and are called the glomerular filtrate.
Question 4
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Effective filtration pressure in glomerulus is caused due to

A
Powerful pumping action of the heart

B
Secretion of adrenaline

C
Afferent arteriole has slightly larger diameter than efferent arteriole

D
Vacuum develops in proximal convoluted tubule and sucks the blood

Solution

For proper filtration in the glomerulus, a certain filtration pressure should be maintained. The afferent arteriole is of larger diameter than the efferent. This means there is high resistance as the blood is forced from a wider vessel to a narrower one and this promotes filtration.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 5
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The blood constituents that remain unchanged in quantity, after circulating through the kidney are

A
Urea and glucose.

B
Glucose and proteins.

C
Urea and proteins.

D
Urea and uric acid.

Solution

Urine filtration takes place in nephrons of the kidney. The glomerulus is the part of the nephron that filters waste products from the blood. The waste products contain urea, uric acid, salts, etc. Proteins and blood cells are large molecules that cannot be filtered So they are completely retained in the blood plasma. Though the glucose in the filtrate is completely (100%) reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule and is transported back to the blood.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 6
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Which one of the following statements in regard to the excretion by the human kidneys is correct?

A
Ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to electrolytes.

B
Descending limb of Loop of Henle is impermeable to water.

C
Distal convoluted tubule is incapable of reabsorbing $$HCO_{3}^{-}$$.

D
Nearly 99 per cent of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules.

Solution

Almost 80% of the filtrate is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule. The rest is reabsorbed in the distal tubule. Thus only 1% of the glomerular filtrate is processed as urine. The rest 99% is reabsorbed back into the blood.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Question 7
1 / -0

Diabetes is a disease in which the urine contains

A
Sugar

B
Salt

C
Fat

D
Protein

Solution

Generally, glucose is not found in normal urine because the entire glucose is reabsorbed and returned to the blood by the renal tubule. When the glucose amount in the blood is very high, the excess glucose is then excreted by the kidneys. Renal threshold of glucose in the normal kidney is around 10mmol/L of glucose.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 8
1 / -0

What is ''renal threshold''?

A
At which all the substances are reabsorbed actively.

B
The highest concentration of substances upto which it is totally reabsorbed from glomerular filtrate.

C
At which no substance is filtered in the glomerulus.

D
At which the filtration of a substance starts.

Solution

The concentration level up to which a substance dissolved in the blood is prevented from passing through the kidneys into the urine is known as renal threshold level. When the renal threshold of a substance is exceeded, reabsorption of the substance by the proximal convoluted tubule is incomplete; consequently, part of the substance remains in the urine.
So, the correct answer is 'The highest concentration of substances upto which it is totally reabsorbed from glomerular filtrate.'
Question 9
1 / -0

Which one of the following do not filter out from blood to Bowman's capsule in glomerular ultrafiltration?

A
Amino acid

B
Polypeptide

C
Glucose

D
Fatty acid

Solution

The ultrafiltration in the glomerulus of Bowman's capsule can filter salts, glucose, urea, water and solutes of relative molecular mass less than 68,000. Blood cells and plasma proteins are not filtered through the glomerular capillaries because they are relatively larger in physical size.
So, the correct answer is option B.

Question 10

1 / -0

Match the excretory functions of section I with the parts of the excretory system in section II. Choose the correct combinations from among the answer given.

	Section I		Section II
(i)	Ultrafiltration	(a)	Henle's loop
(ii)	Concentration of urine	(b)	Ureter
(iii)	Transport of urine	(c)	Urinary bladder
(iv)	Storage of urine	(d)	Malpighian corpuscles
		(e)	Proximal convoluted tubules

(i) - (d) , (ii) - (a) ,(iii) -(b) ,(iv) -(c)

(i) - (d) , (ii) - (c) ,(iii) -(b) ,(iv) -(a)

(i) - (e) , (ii) - (d) ,(iii) -(a) ,(iv) -(c)

(i) - (e) , (ii) - (d) ,(iii) -(a) ,(iv) -(b)

Solution

Glomerular filtration or ultrafiltration is the passive process by which water and small dissolved solute molecules are forced through the capillary tuft within the renal corpuscle into the capsular space. The loop of Henle helps in the transport of ions and water and the concentration of urine. It is the major site of facultative water resorption. It is responsive to antidiuretic hormone. Urine formed moves from the collecting ducts to the ureters, which carry it to the urinary bladder for storage.

So, the correct answer is option A.

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 6

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 6

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Blood capillaries

Tissue fluid

Glomerulus

Urinary bladder

Solution

Question 2

Sugar (glucose)

Sodium chloride

Creatinine

Albumin

Solution

Question 3

Glomerulus

Bowman's capsule

Henle loop

Pelvis

Solution

Question 4

Powerful pumping action of the heart

Secretion of adrenaline

Afferent arteriole has slightly larger diameter than efferent arteriole

Vacuum develops in proximal convoluted tubule and sucks the blood

Solution

Question 5

Urea and glucose.

Glucose and proteins.

Urea and proteins.

Urea and uric acid.

Solution

Question 6

Ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to electrolytes.

Descending limb of Loop of Henle is impermeable to water.

Distal convoluted tubule is incapable of reabsorbing $$HCO_{3}^{-}$$.

Nearly 99 per cent of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules.

Solution

Question 7

Sugar

Salt

Fat

Protein

Solution

Question 8

At which all the substances are reabsorbed actively.

The highest concentration of substances upto which it is totally reabsorbed from glomerular filtrate.

At which no substance is filtered in the glomerulus.

At which the filtration of a substance starts.

Solution

Question 9

Amino acid

Polypeptide

Glucose

Fatty acid

Solution

Question 10

(i) - (d) , (ii) - (a) ,(iii) -(b) ,(iv) -(c)

(i) - (d) , (ii) - (c) ,(iii) -(b) ,(iv) -(a)

(i) - (e) , (ii) - (d) ,(iii) -(a) ,(iv) -(c)

(i) - (e) , (ii) - (d) ,(iii) -(a) ,(iv) -(b)

Solution

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