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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 60

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 60
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Nitrogenous wastes are formed from the breakdown of
    Solution
    The main nitrogenous wastes are urea and uric acid. Urea is formed from metabolism of amino acids, while uric acid is formed from metabolism of nucleotides. As urea is the main nitrogenous waste of the body which is formed by the breakdown of amino acid.
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following sets of animals produces the same substance as their chief excretory product?
    Solution
    The process of excretion helps in the elimination of metabolic waste products from the body of the organism. In animals, the main excretory products  include carbon dioxide, ammonia-urea, uric acid, guanine a creatine. Human beings and vertebrate animals have well developed excretory systems are able to excrete urea as a metabolic waste generated by the breakdown of amino acid.
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which mammal excretes solid urine to avoid water loss?
    Solution
    Birds and reptiles excrete urea and water-soluble wastes are pushed out of the body in solid form along with feces to avoid water loss. Kangaroo rats are small rodents who hop similar to a larger kangaroo. These live in hot and dry areas and conserve water and use only metabolic sources
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which of the following parts of a kidney contains the lowest concentration of urea?
    Solution
    The renal artery enters the Bowman's capsule and forms a tuft of capillaries which helps in ultrafiltration. The renal artery carries blood to the kidney, while the renal vein carries blood, with much lower concentrations of urea and mineral ions, away from the kidney.
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Extraction of sodium is mainly done by
    Solution
    Proximal convoluted tubule is the first part of the renal tubule and it lies in the cortex of the kidney, close to the renal corpusle.  Fluid that is filtered from the Bowman's capsule enters into the proximal tubule. It contains brush border, and is made up of cubiodal epithelium. It has an acidophilic cytoplasm due to the number of mitochondria.
    • PCT reabsorbs 2/3 of the filtered Na or (65-80% of Na) and H2O
    • It reabsorbs all of the glucose and amino acids  
    • glucose is reabsorbed via Na-Glu cotransporter
    • It also reabsorbs a fraction of the bicarbonate, potassium, phosphate and calcium.
    So, the correct option is 'Proximal tubule'.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Vasopressin released from the neurohypophysis is mainly responsible for
    Solution
    Facultative reabsorption is the removal of water in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. It is regulated by the vasopressin (also called ADH) and the role of vasopressin is to make the collecting duct more permeable so that water can be osmotically drawn out of the filtrate. The conditions that favor maximizing facultative reabsorption are dehydration.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Ammonia is converted into urea in
    Solution
    Urea is the major end product of nitrogen metabolism in humans and mammals. Ammonia, the product of oxidative deamination reactions, is toxic in even small amounts and must be removed from the body. The urea cycle or the ornithine cycle describes the conversion reactions of ammonia into urea. Since these reactions occur in the liver, the urea is then transported to the kidneys, where it is excreted. The overall urea formation reaction is: 2 Ammonia + carbon dioxide + 3ATP ---> urea + water + 3 ADP.
    So, the correct answer is option C.

  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Refer the given figure which shows part of the urinary system of a mammal. Liquids pass through tubes X, Y and Z in the directions shown by the arrows. The volume of liquid passing through Y in a day is

    Solution
    • Blood enters the kidney via the renal artery (X), and almost all of it except urea, excess water, and salt leaves the kidney through the renal vein (Y). 
    • The kidney removes excess ions, water, and other molecules, which are excreted through the ureters as urine. The blood enters each kidney by means of the renal artery.
    • The ureter (Z) conducts urine to the urinary bladder for temporary storage. 
    • In humans, approximately 180 liters of filtrate are produced each day. 
    • In the proximal tubule, many of the inorganic ions and almost all of the glucose and amino acids get pumped out of the filtrate and go back into the blood. Most of the water in the filtrate is also drawn back into the blood. 
    • Thus blood volume is less in the renal vein than artery but more than urine in the ureter.  

    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The process of tubular secretion in nephron takes place in
    Solution
    • Tubular secretion involves the removal of toxic substances from the blood capillaries and tissue and their active secretion into the nephron. 
    • Metabolic wastes such as urea, uric acid, ammonia and hydrogen ions are secreted into the fluid within the nephron. 
    • The movement of urea and ammonia is through diffusion, whereas all other tubular secretion involves active transport. 
    • Tubular secretion occurs in the proximal part of the nephron and the descending limb of the loop of Henle.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The loop of Henle is most highly developed in
    Solution
    A loop of Henle is long, a U-shaped portion of the tubule that conducts urine within each nephron of the kidney of reptiles, birds and mammals. The principal function of the loop of Henle appears to be the recovery of water and sodium chloride from the urine. This function allows production of urine that is far more concentrated than blood, limiting the amount of water needed as intake for survival. Many species that live in arid environments such as deserts have highly efficient loops of Henle. So, the loop of Henle is highly developed in animals who lives in the desert than salamanders, freshwater fishes, and lizards.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
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