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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 61

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 61
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    The main function of loop of Henle is the reabsorption of water from the contents of renal tubules. In which of the following will the loop of Henle by poorly developed or even absent?
    Solution
    The main function of loop of Henle is the reabsorption of water from the contents of renal tubules. Freshwater fish has no loop of henle. Their bodies take on water by osmosis, therefore they rid their bodies of excess water rather than conserve it. Freshwater fish drink little water and produce large amount of urine. these mechanism work to maintain their body fluids hypertonic to their freshwater surroundings. Thus, option C is correct.  Desert mouse, carnivorous bird and garden bladder has loop of henle to conserve water. 
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Normal value of renal plasma flow is about
    Solution
    Renal plasma flow is the amount of plasma that flows through the kidneys per unit of time. The value of renal plasma flow is around 600 ml/min.
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which part of nephron in human kidney is associated with active transport of Na+?
    Solution
    The proximal tubule which is the portion of the duct system of the nephron of the kidney leads from Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle. The proximal tubule regulates the pH of the filtrate by exchanging hydrogen ions in the interstitium for bicarbonate ions in the filtrate. It also secretes organic acids, such as creatinine and other bases, into the filtrate. Fluid in the filtrate entering the proximal convoluted tubule is reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries. This is driven by sodium transport from the lumen into the blood by the Na+/K+ ATPase in the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cells. Sodium reabsorption is primarily driven by this P-type ATPase. This is the most important transport mechanism in the PCT. Thus, option B is correct and other options are wrong.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which of the following tissue form the linning of Bowman's capsule?
    Solution
    Bowman's capsule is a cup-like sac at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron in the mammalian kidney that performs the first step in the filtration of blood to form urine. A glomerulus is enclosed in the sac.
    It is made up of simple squamous epithelium cells.

  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Capillaries of glomeruli are
    Solution
    A glomerulus receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole of the renal circulation. Unlike most other capillary beds, the glomerulus drains into an efferent arteriole rather than a venule.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    The renal abnormality detection procedure uses the following techniques except
    Solution
    Pyelogram (or pyelography or urography) is a form of imaging of the renal pelvis and ureter. Types include intravenous pyelogram In which a contrast solution is introduced through a vein into the circulatory system.
    Polarography is a subclass of voltammetry where the working electrode is a dropping mercury electrode (DME) or a static mercury drop electrode (SMDE), which are useful for their wide cathodic ranges and renewable surfaces. 
    A cystoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inside of the bladder using an instrument called a cystoscope. A cystoscope is a thin, fibre optic tube that has a light and a camera at one end. It's inserted into the urethra (the tube that carries urine out of the body) and moved up into the bladder. 
    X-ray photograph definition, a radiograph made with x-rays that is used in diagnostic procedures.
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    The major chemical compound found in human kidney stones is
    Solution
    A kidney stone or renal calculus is also known as nephrolith is a solid material formed in the kidneys from the minerals found in the urine. While most of the cases of kidney stones, this is caused due to genetic reasons , environmental factors or a combination of the two, factors such as obesity intake of certain foods, medications and lack of water intake also attribute to the formation of kidney stones. The major chemical compound found in human kidney stones is calcium oxalate or oxalate of lime. With the chemical formula CaC2O4 or Ca (COO)2, this is also found in beer stone, as scaling in the containers in breweries.
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    When the kidney is no longer held in place securely, the stage is called as
    Solution
    Nephroptosis is an abnormal condition in which the kidney drops down into the pelvis when the person stands up. It is more common in women as compared to in men. It is also called floating kidney or renal ptosis.
    Nephrosis is a kidney disease characterized by oedema and the loss of protein from the plasma into the urine due to increased permeability of the glomerulus.
    Nephritis is inflammation of the kidneys.
    Diuresis is when the body has too many of certain substances in the fluid that the kidneys filter. Eventually, this fluid becomes urine and increases the amount of water expelled by the body, leading to increased or excessive urination.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The renal threshold value of glucose is normally
    Solution
    The proximal tubule can only reabsorb a limited amount of glucose. When the blood glucose level exceeds about 160-180 mg/dl or 160-180 mg/100ml, the proximal tubule becomes overwhelmed and begins to excrete glucose in the urine. this point is called the renal threshold of glucose (RTG).
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The main function of loop of Henle is the reabsorption of water from the contents of renal tubules. In which of the following, the loop of Henle are poorly developed or even absent?
    Solution
    Loop of Henle or Henle's Loop or Nephron loop is found in the kidney. It is a portion of the nephron which leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule. This process that is carried out by the Henle's loop leads to reabsorbing of water which results in the generation of concentrated urine. The kidneys of fish  especially freshwater fish  are narrow, elongated organs and occupy a significant portion of the trunk and actively transport the ions across gills. The Loop of Henle is therefore either poorly developed or absent.   
    Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
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