Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 63

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 63

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to salt water balance inside the body of living organisms?

A
When water is not available camels do not produce urine but store urea in tissues.

B
Salmon fish excretes lot of stored saIt through gill membrane in fresh water.

C
Paramecium discharges concentrated salt solution by contractile vacuoles.

D
The body fluids of fresh water animals are generally hypotonic to surrounding water.

Solution

When water is not available, the camels produce dry faeces and concentrated urine but store urea in tissues and depend upon metabolic water. Fat is stored in the hump and water is obtained from its metabolism.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Question 2

1 / -0

Match the following :

	List I (Part of nephron)		List II (Function)
A	Proximal convoluted tubule	I	Impermeable to sodium ions
B	Distal convoluted tubule	II	Impermeable to water
C	Dsecending limb of Henle's loop	III	Facultative reabsorption of water $$Na^+$$
D	Asecending limb of Henle's loop	IV	Reabsorption of nutrients and $$Na^+$$

A- III, B- IV, C- II, D- I

A- III, B- IV, C- I, D- II

A- IV, B- III, C- I, D- II

A- IV, B- II, C- I, D- III

Solution

70-80% of the water, sodium and chloride ions are reabsorbed from the filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule. Bicarbonate ions are reabsorbed with H$$^+$$ ion secretion. As fluid flows along the DCT, reabsorption of Na+ and Cl$$^-$$ continues due to Na$$^+$$Cl$$^-$$ symporters. The solutes are reabsorbed with little accompanying water. On the basolateral surface (blood) there is an ATP-dependent Na/K antiporter pump, a secondary active Na/Ca transporter, and an ATP-dependent Ca transporter. The basolateral ATP-dependent Na/K pump produces the gradient for Na to be absorbed from the apical surface via the Na/Cl symporter, and for Ca to be reclaimed into the blood by the Na/Ca basolateral antiporter. The thin descending limb has low permeability to ions and urea while being highly permeable to water. The thin ascending limb is impermeable to water, but it is permeable to ions.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Question 3
1 / -0

The excretory material of bony fish is

A
Urea

B
Protein

C
Ammonia

D
Amino acid

Solution

The excretory material of bony fishes is ammonia. So, bony fishes are ammonotelic and excretory material of cartilaginous fishes, like dog fish is urea.
Question 4
1 / -0

The size of filtration slits of glomerulus is

A
10 nm

B
15 nm

C
20 nm

D
25 nm

Solution

The filtration slits size would be only 20 to 30 nm wide. Filtration slit of glomerulus is also known as podocyte; found in lining of Bowman's capsules in the nephrons of the kidney. Small molecules such as water, glucose, and ionic salts are able to pass through the filtration slits and form an ultrafiltrate in the tubular fluid, which is further processed by the nephron to produce urine

Question 5

1 / -0

Read the following passage and answer the following questions.
Dialysis tubing is a semipermeable membrane. It allows small molecules, such as water, to pass through easily, while larger molecules, such as sucrose, are restricted. Movement of molecules across the tubing is due to concentration gradients. In an experiment designed to study osmosis, several pieces of dialysis tubing were filled with sucrose solutions of varying concentration and placed in beakers containing distilled water. The rate and direction of water movement was determined by weighing the bags before and after placing them in the distilled water. The data are recorded below.Table 1

Tube number	Tube contents (beaker contents)	Mass(g) 0 minutes	Mass (g) 15 minutes	Mass(g) 30 minutes	Mass (g) 45 minutes	Mass (g) 60 minutes
1	Distilled water (distilled water)	22.3 g	22.4 g	22.2 g	22.3 g	22.3 g
2	10% sucrose (distilled water)	24.8 g	25.3 g	25.7 g	26.4 g	26.9 g
3	40% sucrose (distilled water)	25.1 g	26.3 g	27.5 g	28.9 g	29.6 g
4	Distilled water (40% sucrose)	22.7 g	21.3 g	20.5 g	19.8 g	18.7 g

Why does the mass of Tube 1 remain relatively unchanged throughout the experiment?

The dialysis tubing in Tube 1 is defective and does not allow water to cross

There is no concentration gradient to drive the movement of sucrose

The dialysis tubing broke, allowing the tube contents to mix with the beaker contents

There is no concentration gradient to drive the movement of water

The experimenter failed to record the data properly

Solution

The movement across the membrane relies strictly on concentration gradients, the fact that there is no gradient in Tube 1 would prevent the movement of water into or out of the tube. Thus, there would be no change in mass.

Kidneys are the organs that help filter waste products from the blood. They are also involved in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and red blood cell production in the body.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Question 6

1 / -0

Tube number	Tube contents (beaker contents)	Mass(g) 0 minutes	Mass (g) 15 minutes	Mass (g) 30 minutes	Mass (g) 45 minutes	Mass (g) 60 minutes
1	Distilled water (distilled water)	22.3 g	22.4 g	22.2 g	22.3 g	22.3 g
2	10% sucrose (distilled water)	24.8 g	25.3 g	25.7 g	26.4 g	26.9 g
3	40% sucrose (distilled water)	25.1 g	26.3 g	27.5 g	28.9 g	29.6 g
4	Distilled water (40% sucrose)	22.7 g	21.3 g	20.5 g	19.8 g	18.7 g

Cell membranes are also semipermeable, allowing water but not other substances to cross easily. A red blood cell placed in a 0.9% NaCl solution will neither swell nor shrivel. Based on this knowledge, and the information presented in Table 1, what would happen to a red blood cell placed in a 20% NaCl solution?

Water would be drawn out of the cell and the cell would swell

Water would be drawn into the cell and the cell would swell

Water would be drawn out of the cell and the cell would shrivel

Water would be drawn into the cell and the cell would shrivel

No change would occur to the cell

Solution

The concentration of solute inside the cell (0.9% NaCl) is lower than outside of the cell (20% NaCl). Hence the solvent molecules (water) will move from a region of lower solute concentration to higher. Hence water comes out of the cell and it shrinks.

So, the correct answer is option C.

Question 7
1 / -0

The function of counter current mechanism is performed by
I. Gills
II. Kidneys
III. Intestines
IV. Lungs

A
I and III only

B
II and IV only

C
I, II, and IV

D
I, II, III, and IV

Solution

Fish use the process known as countercurrent flow, in which water and blood flow in opposite directions across the gills, maximizing the diffusion of oxygen. In the kidney, fluid is flowing along the loop of Henle and exchange takes place between the interstitium and fluid streams moving in opposite directions (descending and ascending) and because osmolality increases progressively with depth in the medulla, the mechanism is termed countercurrent multiplication. The blood vessels in intestinal villi have a countercurrent arrangement of blood flow. The diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide in lungs is facilitated by counter current flow in the alveoli.
Question 8
1 / -0

Which of the following is a functions of the kidney?

A
Filtration of blood to remove wastes.

B
Blood pressure regulation

C
pH regulation

D
Both A and C

E
All of the above

Solution

Waste excretion: The kidneys filter out toxins, excess salts, and urea, a nitrogen-based waste created by cell metabolism. Urea is synthesized in the liver and transported through the blood to the kidneys for removal.
Water level balancing: As the kidneys are key in the chemical breakdown of urine, they react to changes in the body’s water level throughout the day. As water intake decreases, the kidneys adjust accordingly and leave water in the body instead of helping excrete it.
Blood pressure regulation: The kidneys need constant pressure to filter the blood. When it drops too low, the kidneys increase the pressure. One way is by producing a blood vessel-constricting protein (angiotensin) that also signals the body to retain sodium and water. Both the constriction and retention help restore normal blood pressure.
Red blood cell regulation: When the kidneys don’t get enough oxygen, they send out a distress call in the form of erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the bone marrow to produce more oxygen-carrying red blood cells.
Acid regulation: As cells metabolize, they produce acids. The excess of acid is neutralized by the kidney.
So, the correct answer is option E.

Question 9

1 / -0

Tube number	Tube contents (beaker contents)	Mass(g) 0 minutes	Mass(g) 15 minutes	Mass (g) 30 minutes	Mass(g) 45 minutes	Mass (g) 60 minutes
1	Distilled water (distilled water)	22.3 g	22.4 g	22.2 g	22.3 g	22.3 g
2	10% sucrose (distilled water)	24.8 g	25.3 g	25.7 g	26.4 g	26.9 g
3	40% sucrose (distilled water)	25.1 g	26.3 g	27.5 g	28.9 g	29.6 g
4	Distilled water (40% sucrose)	22.7 g	21.3 g	20.5 g	19.8 g	18.7 g

Why does the mass of Tube 3 increase while the mass of Tube 4 decreases?

Water is moving into Tube 3, and sucrose is moving into Tube 4.

Water is moving into Tube 4, and sucrose is moving into Tube 3.

Water is moving into Tube 3, and water is moving out of Tube 4.

Sucrose is moving into Tube 3, and sucrose is moving out of Tube 4.

Sucrose is moving out of Tube 3, and water is moving out of Tube 4.

Solution

In tube 3, water molecules are moving towards higher concentration i.e., from beaker to tube content, thus the mass increases but in case of tube 4, water is moving out from tube contents to beaker, as the beaker contains more concentrated solution. Thus, the correct answer is 'Water is moving into Tube 3, and water is moving out of Tube 4.'

Question 10
1 / -0

The nephrons discharge their urine at the

A
Urinary bladder

B
Urethra

C
Renal pelvis

D
Renal pyramid

Solution

The glomerular filtrate is filtered and the important components are reabsorbed in the peritubular capillaries. The urine is formed in the tubules of the kidneys. This urine is collected in the collecting duct and then filtered in the cavities of the kidneys. These cavities are cup-shaped structure called the calyces. The urine from the calyces enters the renal pelvis. This is the region from which the urine is discharged. The urine present in the renal pelvis is then transferred to the ureters.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 63

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 63

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Question 1

When water is not available camels do not produce urine but store urea in tissues.

Salmon fish excretes lot of stored saIt through gill membrane in fresh water.

Paramecium discharges concentrated salt solution by contractile vacuoles.

The body fluids of fresh water animals are generally hypotonic to surrounding water.

Solution

Question 2

A- III, B- IV, C- II, D- I

A- III, B- IV, C- I, D- II

A- IV, B- III, C- I, D- II

A- IV, B- II, C- I, D- III

Solution

Question 3

Urea

Protein

Ammonia

Amino acid

Solution

Question 4

10 nm

15 nm

20 nm

25 nm

Solution

Question 5

The dialysis tubing in Tube 1 is defective and does not allow water to cross

There is no concentration gradient to drive the movement of sucrose

The dialysis tubing broke, allowing the tube contents to mix with the beaker contents

There is no concentration gradient to drive the movement of water

The experimenter failed to record the data properly

Solution

Question 6

Water would be drawn out of the cell and the cell would swell

Water would be drawn into the cell and the cell would swell

Water would be drawn out of the cell and the cell would shrivel

Water would be drawn into the cell and the cell would shrivel

No change would occur to the cell

Solution

Question 7

I and III only

II and IV only

I, II, and IV

I, II, III, and IV

Solution

Question 8

Filtration of blood to remove wastes.

Blood pressure regulation

pH regulation

Both A and C

All of the above

Solution

Question 9

Water is moving into Tube 3, and sucrose is moving into Tube 4.

Water is moving into Tube 4, and sucrose is moving into Tube 3.

Water is moving into Tube 3, and water is moving out of Tube 4.

Sucrose is moving into Tube 3, and sucrose is moving out of Tube 4.

Sucrose is moving out of Tube 3, and water is moving out of Tube 4.

Solution

Question 10

Urinary bladder

Urethra

Renal pelvis

Renal pyramid

Solution

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