Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 65

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 65

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Question 1
1 / -0

Bowman's capsules occur in.

A
Kidney

B
Pancreas

C
Adrenal gland

D
Pituitary body

Solution

The correct answer is A (kidney)
At the proximal or closed end the nephron is expanded and curved inwardly to form a double walled cup shaped Bowman's Capsule. Within the Bowman's capsule a tuft of capillaries is present, it is called glomerulus.
Question 2
1 / -0

Which segment of renal tubule is permeable to water but nearly impermeable to salts?

A
Descending limb of Henle's loop

B
Proximal convoluted tubule

C
Ascending limb of Henle's loop

D
Distal convoluted tubule

Solution

Descending limb is the first part of the loop of Henle. It helps to maintain the concentration of urine. It is highly permeable to water thus water is readily reabsorbed from the descending limb by osmosis. It is impermeable to sodium and chloride ions. Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 3
1 / -0

Choose the correct answers from the following given.
Pressure filtration is associated with

A
glomerular capsule

B
distal convoluted tubule

C
collecting duct

D
all of these

Solution

The filteration is carried out only in the glomerulus as the renal tubules functions absorption and reabsorption of the salts thus forming the urine , the filteration taking place in the glomerulus is by the current pressure of the blood entering it.
Hence, the correct answer is A.
Question 4
1 / -0

The bunch of capillaries present in the Bowman's capsule are called

A
Pacinian corpuscle

B
Bowman's fibres.

C
glomerulus

D
Malpighian corpuscle.

Solution

The glomerulus is a network of capillaries known as a tuft, located at the beginning of a nephron in the kidney. The blood is filtered across the capillary walls of this tuft through the glomerular filtration barrier, which yields its filtrate of water and soluble substances into Bowman's capsule. The filtrate then enters the renal tubule, of the nephron.
So, the correct option is 'glomerulus'.
Question 5
1 / -0

The net pressure gradient that causes the fluid to filter out of the glomeruli into the capsule is

A
$$50\,mm\,Hg$$

B
$$75\,mm\,Hg$$

C
$$20\,mm\,Hg$$

D
$$30\,mm\,Hg$$
Solution
Correct Answer: (C) $$ 20 \space mm \space Hg $$.
Explanation:
Kidneys are the excretory organ that helps in the formation of urine by purifying the blood that flows through the glomerular capillaries.
Approximately 20% of the plasma fluid filters down in the Bowmans Capsule.
This filtration occurs through a thin glomerular capsular membrane due to a net or effective filtration rate of $$ 20 \space mm \space Hg $$.
Hence, the correct answer is $$ 20 \space mm \space Hg $$.
Question 6
1 / -0

Read the following statement and select the correct option.
Statement 1 : When the urine moves through the descending limb, it becomes hypertonic to blood plasma and as it passes through are ascending limb, of Henle's loop it becomes hypotonic to blood plasma.
Statement 2 : The descending limb is permeable to sodium ions, while the ascending limb is impermeable to sodium ions.

A
Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1.

B
Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1

C
Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.

D
Both statement 1 and 2 are incorrect.

Solution

Descending limb of the loop of Henley is permeable to water but, is impermeable to electrolytes. So urine concentrates as it moves down. Ascending limb is impermeable to water but, it allows the transport of electrolytes actively, so it makes the urine hypotonic to blood plasma.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.'
Question 7
1 / -0

The characteristic(s) common to urea, uric acid, and ammonia is/are
(i) They are nitrogenous wastes.
(ii) They all need a very large amount of water for excretion.
(iii) They are all equally toxic.
(iv) They are produced in the kidneys.

A
(i), (ii) and (iv)

B
(i) only

C
(i) and (iii)

D
(i) and (iv)

Solution

Urea, uric acid, and ammonia are known as nitrogenous wastes as they are produced during protein metabolism.
Ammonia needs very large amount of water for excretion, second in order comes urea and then uric acid.
Ammonia is highly toxic, then comes urea and then uric acid.
Ammonia and urea are produced in the liver and uric acid is formed mostly in the liver and to some extent in kidneys.
So the correct option is 'B'.
Question 8
1 / -0

Which of the following statements are correct?
(i) Renal vein takes blood away from kidney.
(ii) Urine gets dilute in ascending limb of loop of Henle.
(iii) Podocytes occur in inner wall of Bowman's capsule.
(iv) Ultrafiltrate/nephric filtrate is plasma minus proteins.

A
(i) and (ii)

B
(i) and (iii)

C
(iii) and (iv)

D
(i), (ii), (iii), and (iv)

Solution

(i) A kidney receives the blood by a renal artery that arises from the dorsal aorta. All the capillary network s return blood containing useful materials to the renal venules which join to form a renal vein that opens into the inferior vena cava.
(ii) The ascending limb is impermeable to water along its entire length. The filtrate becomes hypotonic to plasma due to loss of inorganic ions and passes into the DCT.
(iii) The Bowman's capsule is a large, double-walled cup. The podocytes forming the inner wall of the Bowman's capsule has gaps, the slit- pores, between them.
(iv) The separation of small molecules and ions from large molecules and cells in the blood is termed ultrafiltration. It contains sodium, potassium and chloride ions, glucose, amino acids and a large amount of water.
So, the correct answer is '(i), (ii), (iii), and (iv)'.
Question 9
1 / -0

The plasma passing through the glomerulus loses about how much percentage of its volume as a filtrate?

A
$$50\%$$

B
$$20\%$$

C
$$80\%$$

D
$$40\%$$

Solution

The Kidney receives at least 20% to 25% of the resting cardiac output (about 1 liter per minute) for the removal of unwanted substances. An afferent arteriole supplies blood to the glomerulus of the kidney. A filtrate is formed when blood flows through the glomerulus and some components of the plasma enter the capsular space. After this filtration, blood still remaining within the glomerulus exits the glomerulus through an efferent arteriole. So the plasma when passing through the glomerulus it losses about 20 to 25% of its volume. Hence, the correct answer is option B, 20%.
Question 10
1 / -0

Select the correct option with regards to the structure and functions of nephrons.

A
Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons

B
The main components of the nephron are glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, and a long renal tubule.

C
Nephrons are the basic filtering units of kidneys.

D
All of the above

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 65

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 65

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Question 1

Kidney

Pancreas

Adrenal gland

Pituitary body

Solution

Question 2

Descending limb of Henle's loop

Proximal convoluted tubule

Ascending limb of Henle's loop

Distal convoluted tubule

Solution

Question 3

glomerular capsule

distal convoluted tubule

collecting duct

all of these

Solution

Question 4

Pacinian corpuscle

Bowman's fibres.

glomerulus

Malpighian corpuscle.

Solution

Question 5

$$50\,mm\,Hg$$

$$75\,mm\,Hg$$

$$20\,mm\,Hg$$

$$30\,mm\,Hg$$

Solution

Question 6

Both statements 1 and 2 are correct and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1.

Both statements 1 and 2 are correct but statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1

Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.

Both statement 1 and 2 are incorrect.

Solution

Question 7

(i), (ii) and (iv)

(i) only

(i) and (iii)

(i) and (iv)

Solution

Question 8

(i) and (ii)

(i) and (iii)

(iii) and (iv)

(i), (ii), (iii), and (iv)

Solution

Question 9

$$50\%$$

$$20\%$$

$$80\%$$

$$40\%$$

Solution

Question 10

Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons

The main components of the nephron are glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, and a long renal tubule.

Nephrons are the basic filtering units of kidneys.

All of the above

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