Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 66

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Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 66

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Question 1
1 / -0

Some animals convert highly toxic $$NH_3$$ into least toxic trimethylamine oxide $$(TMAO)$$ and retain high concentration of $$TMAO$$ and urea to minimise $$H_2O$$ loss from body are

A
Sharks and rays

B
Fresh water bony fishes

C
Myxine

D
Marine bony fishes
Solution
Marine teleost fishes excrete a large proportion of their nitrogen as trimethylamine oxide (TMAO). Large amounts of this compound is also stored in their body for osmoregulation i.e. to minimize loss of water and entry of salts.
So, the correct option is 'Sharks and rays'
Question 2
1 / -0

Which disease is caused due to high accumulation of uric acid in the bloodstream?

A
Uremia

B
Hypouremia

C
Hyperuremia

D
Hyperuricemia

Solution

High accumulation of uric acid in bloodstream occurs due to the increased production of uric acid from purine, inability of kidneys to get rid of uric acid in the blood. This will lead to a disease called hyperuricemia. Uremia and hypouremia refer to the accumulation and deficiency of urea and creatinin in blood.
So the right option is 'D'.
Question 3
1 / -0

Complete the following paragraph by selecting the option that correctly fills the blanks (i) - (iv).
The kidneys have built-in mechanisms for the regulation of glomerular filtration rate. One such efficient mechanism is carried out by (i). It is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in the (ii) and the (iii) at the location of their contact. A fall in GFR can activate the JG cells to release (iv) which can stimulate to glomerular blood flow and thereby brings GFR back to normal.

A
ANF PCT Efferent arteriole Angiotensin

B
ANF DCT Afferent arteriole Renin

C
JGA PCT Efferent arteriole Angiotensinogen

D
JGA DCT Afferent arteriole Renin

Solution

The amount of the filtrate formed by the kidneys per minute is called the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This in a healthy individual is approximately 125 ml/ minute, i.e., 180 litres per day. Three important intrinsic mechanisms provide autoregulation of GFR.
1. Myogenic mechanism.
2. Juxtaglomerular mechanism.
3. Neural control.
2. Juxtaglomerular mechanism: It is an efficient mechanism for regulation of GFR. It is formed by distal convoluted tubule and him afferent arteriole at the location of their contact. Its cells secrete enzymes like renin that modulate blood pressure and thus renal blood flow. This regulates GFR.
So, the correct answer is 'JGA, DCT, Afferent arteriole, Renin'.
Question 4
1 / -0

Refer to the given figure of a nephron and select the incorrect option regarding $$P, Q, R$$ and $$S$$?

A
Blood enters P through the afferent arteriole and leaves through the efferent arteriole.

B
Filtrate coming from $$P$$ has glucose, proteins and som.e platelets also.

C
Cuboidal cells lining $$R$$ actively excrete additional wastes from the blood into the filtrate.

D
Anti-diuretic hormone alters the permeability of Q, thereby increasing the reabsorption of water in them.

Solution

1. Blood enters P through the afferent arteriole and leaves through the efferent arteriole. This is important for the process of filtration, since efferent arterioles are thinner than afferent arterioles.
2. Glomerular filtrate contains the same content of blood except for RBCs and plasma proteins. The useful contents are later reabsorbed actively or passively.
3. Cuboidal cells lining R actively excrete additional waste in form of urea to maintain the desired osmotic gradient for water reabsorption.
4. ADH alters the permeability of DCT and the Collecting duct for water reabsorption. PCT marked as Q is not involved.
So, the correct option is 'Anti-diuretic hormone alters the permeability of Q and S, thereby increasing reabsorption of water in them'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Mark the inappropriate term w.r.t. the glomerular filtration.

A
Non selective

B
Passive process

C
Active process

D
Occurs due to pressure difference
Question 6
1 / -0

Find out which of the following statements are true(T)/false(F) and choose the correct option.
I. Adult human kidney measures $$10-12$$cm in length, $$5-7$$cm in width, $$2-3$$cm in thickness with an average weight of $$120-170$$gm
II. Blood vessels, nerves and urethra enter kidney through the hilum
III. Inner to the hilum of kidney is a broad funnel shaped space called the renal pelvis with projections called calyces
IV. Renal capsule is a soft layer made of perinephric adipose tissue only
Options I II III IV
(a) T T T T
(b) F F T T
(c) T F T F
(d) T T F F

A
A

B
B

C
C

D
D

Solution

(i) The kidneys are dark-red, bean-shaped organs about 10-12 cm long, 5-7 cm wide and 2-3 cm thick, each weight about 150 gm in an adult male and about 135 gm in an adult female. so its true
(ii)Ureters, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves enter and leave at the renal hilum. so its false
(iii)Inner to the hilum is a broad funnel-shaped space called the renal pelvis with projections called calyces so its true.
(iv)The renal capsule is a tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney and covered in a layer of perirenal fat known as the adipose capsule of kidney. so its false
Hence the correct answer is (C)
Question 7
1 / -0

Which of the following statement is false

A
Nephrons perform excretion through filtration, reabsorption and secretion.

B
Nephridia are accessory excretory organs in Prawn

C
Tapeworm have excretory flame cells

D
Nephrons begin with Bowmen's capsule having glomerulus
Solution
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Nephridia are accessory excretory organs in annelids.
Accessory excretory organs in prawn are called antennal glands.
Nephrons perform excretion through ultrafiltration or glomerular filtration, tubular or selective reabsorption and active tubular secretion.
Tapeworm and other flatworms have excretory flame cells.
The nephrons in the bowman's capsule act as ultrafilters.
Hence, the false statement is: Nephridia are accessory excretory organs in Prawn.
Question 8
1 / -0

Nephron produces how much concentrated urine?

A
4 times

B
5 times

C
3 times

D
2 times
Question 9
1 / -0

If renal plasma flow is 1000 ml/min and filtration fraction is 24%. What will be glomerular filtration rate per hour ?

A
240 ml

B
1.44 lt

C
14.4 ml

D
14.4 lt

Solution

The correct answer is option D(14.4L)
the formula for calculating the GFR is
Filtration fraction = GFR/RPF x 100
we know that RPF = 1000ml/minute
Filtration fraction is 24%
by substituting we get
GFR=240mL per minute, if we convert it to per hour GFR we get 14.4 L.
Question 10
1 / -0

The maintenance of concentration gradient in the medullary interstitium is mainly done by?

A
Glucose and $$Na^+$$

B
NaCl and Urea

C
Amino acids and creatinine

D
$$Na^+$$ and $$Ca^{2+}$$

Solution

The correct answer is option B (NaCl and urea)
The medullary interstitium at the base of the loop of Henle is around 1200mOsml.
The gradient of the fluid from center to the inner medulla ranges from 300 to 1200mOsml/L and this gradient is maintained by NaCl and Urea.

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Options	I	II	III	IV
(a)	T	T	T	T
(b)	F	F	T	T
(c)	T	F	T	F
(d)	T	T	F	F

Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 66

Result

Excretory Products and their Elimination Test 66

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Sharks and rays

Fresh water bony fishes

Myxine

Marine bony fishes

Solution

Question 2

Uremia

Hypouremia

Hyperuremia

Hyperuricemia

Solution

Question 3

ANF PCT Efferent arteriole Angiotensin

ANF DCT Afferent arteriole Renin

JGA PCT Efferent arteriole Angiotensinogen

JGA DCT Afferent arteriole Renin

Solution

Question 4

Blood enters PP through the afferent arteriole and leaves through the efferent arteriole.

Filtrate coming from $$P$$ has glucose, proteins and som.e platelets also.

Cuboidal cells lining $$R$$ actively excrete additional wastes from the blood into the filtrate.

Anti-diuretic hormone alters the permeability of QQ, thereby increasing the reabsorption of water in them.

Solution

Question 5

Non selective

Passive process

Active process

Occurs due to pressure difference

Question 6

A

B

C

D

Solution

Question 7

Nephrons perform excretion through filtration, reabsorption and secretion.

Nephridia are accessory excretory organs in Prawn

Tapeworm have excretory flame cells

Nephrons begin with Bowmen's capsule having glomerulus

Solution

Question 8

4 times

5 times

3 times

2 times

Question 9

240 ml

1.44 lt

14.4 ml

14.4 lt

Solution

Question 10

Glucose and $$Na^+$$

NaCl and Urea

Amino acids and creatinine

$$Na^+$$ and $$Ca^{2+}$$

Solution

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Blood enters P through the afferent arteriole and leaves through the efferent arteriole.

Anti-diuretic hormone alters the permeability of Q, thereby increasing the reabsorption of water in them.