Biological Classification Test - 14

Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that completely lack a cell wall. Their outermost layer is made up of plasma membrane enclosing cytoplasm, DNA and RNA. Therefore, they don't have a definite shape.

Cyanobacteria and bacterium have a cell wall. Virus has a protein coat instead of a cell wall.

Endospores are able to survive a wide range of conditions.

In the five kingdom system of Whittaker, four kingdoms (Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia) belong to eukaryotes.

Backwater fever is caused by heavy parasitisation of red blood cells with Plasmodium falciparum. There has been at least one case, however, attributed to Plasmodium vivax.

Blackwater fever is a serious complication of malaria, but cerebral malaria has a higher mortality rate.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a picornavirus that causes an acute vesicular disease of cloven-hoofed animals. This virus continues to be threat to livestock worldwide with outbreaks causing severe economic losses.

The cell walls of fungi are made up of chitin. Chitin is an example of carbohydrates and is the modified form of cellulose.

It is made from the derivatives of glucosamine (glucose unit to which nitrogen group is attached).

A thermoacidophile is an extremophilic microorganism that is both thermophilic and acidophilic; i.e., it can grow under conditions of high temperature and low pH.

African Trypanosomiasis, also known as “sleeping sickness,” is caused by microscopic parasites of the species Trypanosoma brucei.

It is transmitted by the tsetse fly (Glossina species), which is found only in rural Africa.

The lytic cycle is one of the cycles of viral reproduction. The lytic cycle results in the destruction of the infected cell and its membrane.

During lytic cycle virus attaches to the bacteria and injects its DNA into the host cell.

By using the host machinery the phage DNA replicates inside the cell and synthesizes new phage DNA and proteins.

The replicated material assembles into fully formed viral phages and comes out of the host cell by host cell destruction.

Leishmania tropica is a species of flagellate parasites that infects humans and hyraxes. It can cause a disease called oriental sore which is a form of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Ergot of Rye is a plant disease that is caused by the fungus Claviceps purpurea. The so-called ergot that replaces the grain of the rye is a dark, purplish.

(i) Morchella is morel or sponge mushroom and highly prized for their delicacies. Agaricus is a genus of mushrooms containing both edible and poisonous species, with possibly over 300 members worldwide.

(ii) Both are edible mushrooms. Morchella, the true morels, is a genus of edible mushrooms closely related to anatomically simpler cup fungi.

(iii) These distinctive mushrooms appear honeycomb-like in that the upper portion is composed of a network of ridges with pits between them. The ascocarps are prized by gourmet cooks, particularly for French cuisine.

All bacteria possess cell wall. However, the bacteria are classified as Gram positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria on the basis of their cell wall. Cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria consists of multiple layer of Peptidoglycan.

Cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria is made up thin layer of peptidoglycan. In addition, they have one more outer layer of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Amoebiasis or amoebic dysentery is caused by protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica that resides in the upper part of large intestine.

It spreads through contaminated water and food contaminant form (trophozoite) or cyst of Entamoeba.

Trophozoite damages intestinal wall by engine histolysis, reaches blood capillaries and feed on RBCs, bacteria, tissue debts, resulting in abdominal. pain, acidic motions with mucus and blood.

The disease can be prevented by drinking boiled and clean water and intake of fresh and hygienic food.

Generation time is 40 minutes.

\(\therefore\) Number of divisions is \(\frac{240}{60} = 4\)

Number of bacteria is

\(2^n = 2^2 \times10^7\)

\(= 4 \times10^7\)

Virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses can pass through bacterial proof filters as they are smaller than bacteria.

Spirilli are corkscrew-shaped.

Yeast is an important source of Vitamin B Complex. It is also known as invertase. It is best for body growth and helps in making your body stronger from inside. It helps to break down the fat and carbohydrate of the body.

The virus which infects the cyanobacteria is known as cyanophage. The LPP-1 was the first cyanophage which was discovered in 1963. Lyngbya, Plectonema and Phormidium are the three genera of virus which was affected by the cyanophage and so the virus was named as LPP-1.

Atoms are generally formed of three subatomic particles' electron, proton and neutron. Atoms aggregate form molecule so an atom is the smallest part of an element.

Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that completely lack a cell wall. Their outermost layer is made up of plasma membrane enclosing cytoplasm, DNA and RNA. Therefore, they don't have a definite shape.

Cyanobacteria and bacterium have a cell wall. Virus has a protein coat instead of a cell wall.

Endospores are able to survive a wide range of conditions.

In the five kingdom system of Whittaker, four kingdoms (Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia) belong to eukaryotes.

Backwater fever is caused by heavy parasitisation of red blood cells with Plasmodium falciparum. There has been at least one case, however, attributed to Plasmodium vivax.

Blackwater fever is a serious complication of malaria, but cerebral malaria has a higher mortality rate.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a picornavirus that causes an acute vesicular disease of cloven-hoofed animals. This virus continues to be threat to livestock worldwide with outbreaks causing severe economic losses.

The cell walls of fungi are made up of chitin. Chitin is an example of carbohydrates and is the modified form of cellulose.

It is made from the derivatives of glucosamine (glucose unit to which nitrogen group is attached).

A thermoacidophile is an extremophilic microorganism that is both thermophilic and acidophilic; i.e., it can grow under conditions of high temperature and low pH.

African Trypanosomiasis, also known as “sleeping sickness,” is caused by microscopic parasites of the species Trypanosoma brucei.

It is transmitted by the tsetse fly (Glossina species), which is found only in rural Africa.

The lytic cycle is one of the cycles of viral reproduction. The lytic cycle results in the destruction of the infected cell and its membrane.

During lytic cycle virus attaches to the bacteria and injects its DNA into the host cell.

By using the host machinery the phage DNA replicates inside the cell and synthesizes new phage DNA and proteins.

The replicated material assembles into fully formed viral phages and comes out of the host cell by host cell destruction.

Leishmania tropica is a species of flagellate parasites that infects humans and hyraxes. It can cause a disease called oriental sore which is a form of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Ergot of Rye is a plant disease that is caused by the fungus Claviceps purpurea. The so-called ergot that replaces the grain of the rye is a dark, purplish.

(i) Morchella is morel or sponge mushroom and highly prized for their delicacies. Agaricus is a genus of mushrooms containing both edible and poisonous species, with possibly over 300 members worldwide.

(ii) Both are edible mushrooms. Morchella, the true morels, is a genus of edible mushrooms closely related to anatomically simpler cup fungi.

(iii) These distinctive mushrooms appear honeycomb-like in that the upper portion is composed of a network of ridges with pits between them. The ascocarps are prized by gourmet cooks, particularly for French cuisine.

All bacteria possess cell wall. However, the bacteria are classified as Gram positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria on the basis of their cell wall. Cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria consists of multiple layer of Peptidoglycan.

Cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria is made up thin layer of peptidoglycan. In addition, they have one more outer layer of lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Amoebiasis or amoebic dysentery is caused by protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica that resides in the upper part of large intestine.

It spreads through contaminated water and food contaminant form (trophozoite) or cyst of Entamoeba.

Trophozoite damages intestinal wall by engine histolysis, reaches blood capillaries and feed on RBCs, bacteria, tissue debts, resulting in abdominal. pain, acidic motions with mucus and blood.

The disease can be prevented by drinking boiled and clean water and intake of fresh and hygienic food.

Generation time is 40 minutes.

\(\therefore\) Number of divisions is \(\frac{240}{60} = 4\)

Number of bacteria is

\(2^n = 2^2 \times10^7\)

\(= 4 \times10^7\)

Virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Viruses can pass through bacterial proof filters as they are smaller than bacteria.

Spirilli are corkscrew-shaped.

Yeast is an important source of Vitamin B Complex. It is also known as invertase. It is best for body growth and helps in making your body stronger from inside. It helps to break down the fat and carbohydrate of the body.

The virus which infects the cyanobacteria is known as cyanophage. The LPP-1 was the first cyanophage which was discovered in 1963. Lyngbya, Plectonema and Phormidium are the three genera of virus which was affected by the cyanophage and so the virus was named as LPP-1.

Atoms are generally formed of three subatomic particles' electron, proton and neutron. Atoms aggregate form molecule so an atom is the smallest part of an element.