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Biological Classification Test - 23

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Biological Classification Test - 23
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Arrange the following in correct sequence with reference to sexual reproduction in Rhizopus
    I. Formation of germ tube.
    II. Formation of zygophores.
    III. Formation of warty wall layer of zygospore.
    IV. Secretion of trisporic acid.
    The correct sequence is
    Solution
    According to sexual reproduction in Rhizopus:
    First trisporic acid is secreted and then zygophores are released. It then leads to formation of germ tube. In sexual reproduction special hyphae of opposite mating types touch, their ends swell, and the two cytoplasms intermingle. Nuclei from both parents enter this joint, bulge and a thick walled zygospore develops. Nuclei fuse (diploid), meiosis occurs and haploid spores are formed and dispersed.
    Thus, the correct answer is option B.

  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Zygospores are formed in ______.
    Solution

    A)      Correct option  (D)
    B)      Explanation of the correct option

    • Puccinia (basidiomycetes), Penicillium (ascomycetes), and Alternaria (Deuteromycetes) do not produce zygospore.  
    • In the zygomycetes like Mucor, Rhizopus, etc., the male and female gametangia fuse together and the gametangial copulation leads to the formation of a zygospore. It contains many pairs of nuclei.
    • Some of these pairs of nuclei fuse to produce diploid nuclei, while others degenerate. 
    • The diploid nuclei undergo reduction division before the zygospore germinates into stalked sporangium containing numerous haploid sporangiospores.

  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which of the following environmental conditions are essential for optimum growth of Mucor on a piece of bread?
    A. Temperature of about 25$$^{o}$$C.
    B. Temperature of about 5$$^{o}$$C.
    C. Relative humidity of about 5%.
    D. Relative humidity of about 95%.
    E. A shady place.
    F. A brightly illuminated place.
    Choose the answer from the following options.
    Solution
    If the growth of Mucor is in the average range of 0.4 in refrigerator, it will grow at an average of 23.2 at room temperature. It grows well when the relative humidity is in the range of 95%. Fungus usually prefer shady areas.
    Thus, the correct answer is option D.

  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    A type of life cycle in which plasmogamy, karyogamy, haplodization take place but not at specific place in life cycle of an organism is called as
    Solution
    The parasexual cycle is defined as cycle in which plasmogamy, karyogamy and meiosis takes place but not at specified time or at specified points of life cycle in an organism.
    It was first described by Italian geneticist Guido Pontecorvo and Roper of University of Glasgow 1952 in Aspergillus nidulans.
    Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Common bread mold is
    Solution
    Rhizopus stolonifer is a thread like mold and a heterotrophic species, it is dependent on sugar or starch for its source of carbon substances for food. It uses food matter, generally breads or soft fruits, like grapes or strawberries, as a food source for growth, nutrition and reproduction. R. stolonifer is a mass of mycelium, the vegetative filaments of the fungus, and a fruiting structure. Most of the mycelium is composed of multinucleate, rapidly growing hyphae. When the molds spores are released they produce more mycelium through germination. As the mold matures, it begins to turn black.
    Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Multinucleated filament of Rhizopus is
    Solution
    Fungi are unicellular (e.g., yeasts) or filamentous. The fungal filaments, called as hyphae are usually uniseriate multicellular, but multinuclear coenocytic in some species (e.g., Zygomycota). Zygomycota form hyphae, which are generally coenocytic, because they lack cross walls or septa. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    In Rhizopus, sexual fusion takes place between
    Solution
    In Rhizopus, sexual reproduction takes place by the copulation of two multinucleate gametangia, that are mainly similar in structure. In sexual reproduction, a dark zygospore is produced at the point, where two compatible mycelia fuse. Upon germination, a zygospore produces colonies, that are genetically different from either parent.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Common bread mold is
    Solution
    Rhizopus stolonifer is a thread like a mold and a heterotrophic species, it is dependant on sugar or starch for its source of carbon substances for food. It uses food matter, generally bread or soft fruits, like grapes or strawberries, as a food source for growth, nutrition and reproduction. R. stolonifer is a mass of mycelium, the vegetative filaments of the fungus, and a fruiting structure. Most of the mycelium is composed of multinucleate, rapidly growing hyphae. When the spores of the mold are released they produce more mycelium through germination. As the mold matures it begins to turn black.
    So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The reduction division in the life cycle of Rhizopus occurs
    Solution
    Rhizopus can reproduce sexually under unfavourable condition. When (+ and -) hyphae fuse and they produce structures called progametangia. Cell walls form to separate the tips of the progametangia into gametangia. Plasmogamy then occurs to form a Zygote(2n) and then zygospores form through karyogamy. Zygospores germinate meiotically by producing a long sporangiospores bearing a sporangium at the tips. Thus, the correct answer is A.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following fungus shows heterothallism?
    Solution
    The term heterothallism was first used by Blakeslee in 1904 for the condition of sexual reproduction, which he found in certain species of Mucorales (Zygomycota), such that conjugation is possible only through the interaction of two differing thalli. Two main types of heterothallism are- 1. Morphological heterothallism- e.g., Dictyuchns monosporus, Achlya bisexualis. 
    2. Physiological heterothallism- E.g., Mucor mucedo, Ascobolus magnificus, Sclerotinia Gladioli, Neurospora sitophila, Puccinia graminis. Thus the correct answer is option C.
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