Biological Classification Test

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Biological Classification Test - 31

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Question 1
1 / -0

A successful study of morphology of viruses can be done by

A
Binocular microscope

B
Plane polarised microscope

C
Electron microscope

D
Simple microscope

Solution

A virus is an infectious agent of small size and simple composition that can multiply only in living cells of animals, plants or bacteria. Viruses are microscopic; they range in size from about 20 to 400 nanometers in diameter. An electron microscope is a microscope that uses accelerated electrons as a source of illumination. Because the wavelength of an electron can be up to 100,000 times shorter than that of visible light photons, the electron microscope has a higher resolving power than a light microscope and can reveal the structure of smaller objects. So, an electron microscope is used to study the morphology of viruses. Thus, option C is correct.
Binocular microscope, plane polarised microscope and simple microscope resolution are not sufficient to study the morphology of viruses.
Question 2
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Most antibiotics have no effect on viruses because

A
They kill all bacteria, which act as host of the virus.

B
Viruses are too small in size for the antibiotics to act on them.

C
Viruses show no metabolism of their own.

D
Viruses produce thick covering and encyst themselves as endospores.

Solution

Most antibiotics have no effect on viruses because viruses do not have metabolism on their own. They use host cells to perform their activities for them. Most of the antibiotics act by suppressing DNA replication and protein synthesis.
Thus, the correct answer is option 'Viruses show no metabolism of their own'.
Question 3
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The viruses which attack blue-green algae are termed as

A
Bacteriophages

B
Cyanophages

C
Mosiac viruses

D
Phages

Solution

A cyanophage is a virus that infects cyanobacteria - blue green algae. The name is constructed from the term phage, for a virus that targets bacteria, and cyanobacteria for the specific type of bacteria this virus uses for replication.
A bacteriophage is a virus that infects and replicates within a bacterium.
Mosaic viruses are plant viruses that cause the leaves to have a speckled appearance.
Phage is a short form of bacteriophages, which infects and replicates inside bacteria. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 4
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All are true about bacterial endospores except;

A
Sporulation in bacteria is a method of reproduction.

B
The spores of all the medically important bacteria are killed by autoclaving at 121$$^o$$C for 15 minutes.

C
Spores can be stained by modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique.

D
Bacterial spores helps them to survive under unfavourable conditions.

Solution

Sporulation is a means for protection. The Gram-positive bacteria produce endospores during unfavourable conditions like lack of nutrients, high temperature or other climatic stress. The endospores are tough and resistant structures which remain undamaged during stressful conditions but get killed when autoclaved at 121$$^o$$ C for 15 minutes. These are dormant structures which allow the bacteria to stop metabolism and live for longer periods. They germinate when the conditions are favourable to continue growth. They can be stained by Ziehl-Neelsen technique.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 5
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Bacteriocins are

A
Pigment produced by some bacteria.

B
Antibiotic like substances produced by some bacteria.

C
Enzymes released by certain bacteria.

D
Exotoxins released by certain bacteria.

Solution

Bacteriocins are the protein molecules which are produced by bacteria. These complex proteins are responsible for suppressing the growth of the other bacteria which are closely related to the host. These are compounds which act similar to the antibiotics which inhibit or kill the other bacterial species.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 6
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Viruses are no more 'alive' than isolated chromosomes because both

A
Require RNA and DNA

B
Need food molecules

C
Require oxygen for respiration

D
Require the environment of a cell to replicate
Solution
Solution:

Correct answer is option D.

Explanation for correct option:
- Viruses are composed of RNA/ DNA surrounded by a protein capsid.
They differ in their shape and size as well.
- Viruses are considered dead when they are outside the host because they require host cell in order to replicate genetic material.
Question 7
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In prokaryotes, chromatophores are

A
Specialized granules responsible for colouration of cells.

B
Structures responsible for organizing the shape of the organism.

C
Inclusion bodies lying free inside the cells for carrying out various metabolic activities.

D
Internal membrane systems, that may become extensive and complex in photosynthetic bacteria.
Solution
Solution:

Correct answer is option D.

Explanation for correct option:
- Prokaryotes like some photosynthetic bacteria contain coloured vesicles which are associated with the membrane.
- These are known as chromatophores.
- The word chroma means colour.
- It is structurally and functionally similar to the chloroplast found in eukaryotes.
Question 8
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Which of the following processes are absent in viruses?

A
Replication

B
Mutation

C
Protein Synthesis

D
Energy production / liberation

Solution

A virus is a small infectious agent, that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from plants and animals to micro-organisms, including bacteria and archae. Viruses can undergo replication by lytic and lysogenic cycles. The feature of viruses to perform viral genetic change in their own genome is a process of virus mutation. Viral proteins can be synthesized in host cells by using host machinery. Energy production and liberation process is absent in viruses, as this process is not required by viruses. Thus, option D is correct.
Question 9
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The viruses which can cause bacterial diseases are called

A
Slime moulds

B
Smuts

C
Bacteriophages

D
Bacteriomosaics

Solution

Slime moulds are protozoans while smuts are multicellular fungi. Bacteriomosaics is a disease of wheat caused by corynebacteria. Bacteriophages are the viruses that infect and multiply in bacteria. They multiply inside the host by using host machinery. Their life cycle includes adsorption of virus to host cell, penetration, eclipse, assembly and lysis. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 10
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One of the interesting features of viruses is that, they

A
Occur only inside the bacteria.

B
Multiply only in the host cytoplasm.

C
Are made up of proteins only.

D
Behave as if they were plants.
Solution
A.Correct option - B
B.Explanation for correct option:
A virus is a sub-microscopic infectious agent that multiplies only inside the living cells of organisms.
They cannot survive without the host.
Viruses infect animals, plants as well as bacteria.
They are made of two important components- a protein capsid covering the nucleic acid.

C. Explanation for correct option:
Option A: Viruses occur inside bacteria as well as plant and animal hosts.
Option C: They are made of protein and nucleic acid.
Option D: They do not have plant-like characteristics.

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Biological Classification Test - 31

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Biological Classification Test - 31

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Question 1

Binocular microscope

Plane polarised microscope

Electron microscope

Simple microscope

Solution

Question 2

They kill all bacteria, which act as host of the virus.

Viruses are too small in size for the antibiotics to act on them.

Viruses show no metabolism of their own.

Viruses produce thick covering and encyst themselves as endospores.

Solution

Question 3

Bacteriophages

Cyanophages

Mosiac viruses

Phages

Solution

Question 4

Sporulation in bacteria is a method of reproduction.

The spores of all the medically important bacteria are killed by autoclaving at 121$$^o$$C for 15 minutes.

Spores can be stained by modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique.

Bacterial spores helps them to survive under unfavourable conditions.

Solution

Question 5

Pigment produced by some bacteria.

Antibiotic like substances produced by some bacteria.

Enzymes released by certain bacteria.

Exotoxins released by certain bacteria.

Solution

Question 6

Require RNA and DNA

Need food molecules

Require oxygen for respiration

Require the environment of a cell to replicate

Solution

Question 7

Specialized granules responsible for colouration of cells.

Structures responsible for organizing the shape of the organism.

Inclusion bodies lying free inside the cells for carrying out various metabolic activities.

Internal membrane systems, that may become extensive and complex in photosynthetic bacteria.

Solution

Question 8

Replication

Mutation

Protein Synthesis

Energy production / liberation

Solution

Question 9

Slime moulds

Smuts

Bacteriophages

Bacteriomosaics

Solution

Question 10

Occur only inside the bacteria.

Multiply only in the host cytoplasm.

Are made up of proteins only.

Behave as if they were plants.

Solution

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