Biological Classification Test

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Biological Classification Test - 51

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Question 1
1 / -0

Helical contractile sheath occurs in

A
Bacteria

B
Bacteriophage

C
Riboviruses

D
Fungi

Solution

A bacteriophage is a type of virus that infects bacteria. Bacteriophage is composed of genetic material which is packed in icosahedral head with tail. Bacteriophage tail consists of a contractile sheath, a tube and a baseplate. The central cylindrical segment of the tail consists of a rigid tube surrounded by the outer contractile sheath assembled from gp18 subunits. A total of 138 copies of gp18 arranged into 23 hexameric rings and constitutes the contractile sheath. During infection, contraction of the sheath drives the central tube through the host outer membrane which creates a channel for DNA ejection from the capsid into the host cell. So the correct answer is 'bacteriophage'.
Question 2
1 / -0

Which one does not have cellular structure?

A
Bacteriophage

B
PPLO

C
Bacterium

D
Diatom
Solution
- PPLO is a prokaryotic cell that lacks a cell wall and is distinguished as mycoplasma. All the prokaryotes have a cell structure that includes nucleus, Golgi apparatus and ribosomes.
- Prokaryotes survive in nature on their own or inside the body of the host..
- Viruses, on the other hand, lacks cellular structure and only consists of the genetic material which is multiplied by using host cell machinery (eg. they use ribosomes of host cells for translation of viral mRNA into proteins).
- Viruses do not multiply on their own and need a host to replicate themselves due to lack of cellular structure.
- Hence, option A is correct.
Question 3
1 / -0

Process absent in viruses is

A
Replication

B
Mutation

C
Protein synthesis

D
Energy liberation
Solution
- The virus is completely inert outside its host cell. Inside its host cell, the virus initiates the synthesis of viral proteins and undergo replication.
- Energy liberation takes place within mitochondria and within the cytoplasm.
- Viruses lack cell organelles, so energy liberation cannot take place in the virus.
- Hence the correct option is D.
Question 4
1 / -0

Virus consists of

A
Protein

B
Nuclei acid

C
Protein and $$RNA$$

D
Protein and nucleic acid

Solution

Viruses have either RNA or DNA as their genetic material. The nucleic acid may be single- or double-stranded. The entire infectious virus particle, called a virion, consists of the nucleic acid and an outer shell of protein. The simplest viruses contain only enough RNA or DNA to encode four proteins.
Hence the correct option is D.
Question 5
1 / -0

Virion is a/an

A
Virus without protein coat

B
Enucleated virus

C
Prion

D
Virus

Solution

Virion is an entire virus particle consisting of an outer protein shell called a capsid and an inner core of nucleic acid. Viruses can be found either inside a cell or outside of a cell. The function of the virion is to ensure that the viral nucleic acid gets delivered from one cell to another cell. So the correct answer is 'virus'.
Question 6
1 / -0

The latest view for the origin of viruses is

A
They have arisen from nucleic acid and protein found in primitive soup

B
They arose from bacteria as a result of loss of cell wall, ribosomes, etc

C
They arose from some bacteria which developed a nucleus only

D
They are modified plasmids which are in fact the fragments of nucleic acids of the host

Solution

Viruses play an important role in horizontal gene transfer and genetic diversity. The evolution history showcases the origin of viruses as to have evolved from plasmids when pieces of DNA moved between cells. As big bits of cellular DNA became independent and some DNA stuck with cell genomes. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 7
1 / -0

The one which does not lose its identity even after crystallisation is

A
Virus

B
Bacterium

C
Microbes

D
Protistan
Solution
- The process of transforming the components of a virus into organized particles and thereby describing their molecular structure using the X-Ray crystallography technique is called crystallization.
- This enables one to study the characteristics of a virus because they don't lose their identity after crystallization.
So the correct answer is option A.
Question 8
1 / -0

Spongiform encephalopathy is caused by

A
Prion

B
E. coli

C
Virus

D
Fungus

Solution

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or mad cow disease is a neurodegenerative disease in cattle that may be passed to humans who have eaten infected flesh. It is caused by a specific type of misfolded protein called a prion. Prions replicate by causing other normally folded proteins to misfold and leading to an exponential chain reaction. Then the prions aggregate into an alpha helical and beta pleated sheet which is thought to be toxic to brain cells and causes symptoms. So, the correct answer is 'Prion'.
Question 9
1 / -0

Proteinaceous infectious particles causing diseases are

A
Prions

B
Viroids

C
Viruses

D
Chlamydia

Solution

a) A prion is an abnormal form of a normally harmless protein found in the brain that is responsible for a variety of fatal neurodegenerative diseases. A prion is a short form of proteinaceous infectious particles.
b) Viroids are the smallest infectious pathogens which are composed of a single-stranded RNA without a protein coat.
c) A virus is a small infectious agent composed of genetic material enclosed by a capsid coat.
d) Chlamydia is a bacterial infection.
So, the correct answer is 'Prions'.
Question 10
1 / -0

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is a disease caused by prions in

A
Cow

B
Sheep

C
Potato

D
Man

Solution

BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) or mad cow disease is a progressive neurological disorder of cattle that results from infection by a prion. The prion is a modified form of a normal protein which changes into a pathogenic form and damages the central nervous system of cattle. Prions replicate and cause other normally folded proteins to misfolded and lead to an exponential chain reaction. Eventually, these prions aggregate into an alpha helical and beta pleated sheet which is thought to be toxic to brain cells.
So, the correct answer is 'Cow'.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Biological Classification Test - 51

Result

Biological Classification Test - 51

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Bacteria

Bacteriophage

Riboviruses

Fungi

Solution

Question 2

Bacteriophage

PPLO

Bacterium

Diatom

Solution

Question 3

Replication

Mutation

Protein synthesis

Energy liberation

Solution

Question 4

Protein

Nuclei acid

Protein and $$RNA$$

Protein and nucleic acid

Solution

Question 5

Virus without protein coat

Enucleated virus

Prion

Virus

Solution

Question 6

They have arisen from nucleic acid and protein found in primitive soup

They arose from bacteria as a result of loss of cell wall, ribosomes, etc

They arose from some bacteria which developed a nucleus only

They are modified plasmids which are in fact the fragments of nucleic acids of the host

Solution

Question 7

Virus

Bacterium

Microbes

Protistan

Solution

Question 8

Prion

E. coli

Virus

Fungus

Solution

Question 9

Prions

Viroids

Viruses

Chlamydia

Solution

Question 10

Cow

Sheep

Potato

Man

Solution

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