Biological Classification Test

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Biological Classification Test - 95

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

The correct condition among the following with reference to sexual reproduction in Rhizopus stolonifer is

A
$$'+' \times '-' =$$ zygospore

B
$$'+' \times '-' =$$ No zygospore

C
$$'-' \times '-' =$$ zygospore

D
$$'+' \times '+' =$$ zygospore

Solution

Rhizopus is a genus of common saprophytic fungi on plants and specialised parasites on animals Rhizopus solonifer has commercial use in the manufacturing of alcohol and organic acids. They reproduce by forming asexual and sexual spores. In sexual reproduction, a dark zygospore is produced following gametangial fusion. The zygospores are the only diploid phase of Rhizopus stolonifer reproduction. They are composed of two suspensor cells, which are the progametangia or hyphae. The suspensor cells are present on both sides of spore to provide support. The zygospore forms from two special haploid hyphae of opposite mating types ( + and - or male and female gametangia ) that touch due to hormones and being in close proximity to each other. The two cytoplasms intermingle, also known as plasmogamy.
Question 2
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The absence of cell wall but the presence of Golgi body and ribosomes in a unicellular organism indicates that it belongs to

A
Animalia

B
Eubacteria

C
Fungi

D
Protista

E
Archaea

Solution

Protists are microscopic unicellular organisms. The cell structure is eukaryotic. It is surrounded by plasmalemma (cell membrane) and most of these cells lack cell wall. There may be an outer covering of pellicle, cuticle. shell or cellulose wall. It contains organelles like mitochondria, golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum, 80s ribosomes, etc.
Thus, the correct answer is option 'Protista'.
Question 3
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In order to attack a host cell

A
The virus must have the DNA or RNA key sequence to enter the host cell.

B
The virus must have the enzymes to cause the host cell to burst so that the host cell may be used as raw materials.

C
The virus must have the proper enzyme to puncture the membrane of the host cell.

D
The virus must have a particular shape that will match up with the proteins on the surface of the host cell.

E
The viral DNA or RNA must have a sequence that is recognized by the ribosomes of the host cell.

Solution

Viruses are organisms that survive in living hosts. These are actually biological agents that produce identical copies of its strain inside the host cell and leads to infections. Viruses are found in the environment and upon the presence of a host cell will try to attack. However, in order to attack, the virus must attach to a host cell which can be achieved when receptors on the viral envelope become connected to complementary receptor proteins of the target cells membrane. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 4
1 / -0

Nucleic acid is absent in __________.

A
Virus

B
Viroid

C
Prion

D
Mycoplasma
Solution
- Viruses are acellular and are composed of rigid protein shell (capsid) surrounding nucleic acid (ss or ds RNA or DNA).
- Viroids are the smaller infectious pathogens that consist of only nucleic acid and no protein coat. Thus, a virus without its protein coat is termed a viroid.
- Prions are the proteinaceous infectious particles that consist of only protein particles, but no genetic material (nucleic acid), capable of causing neurodegenerative diseases.
- Mycoplasmas are the smallest prokaryotic organisms that have sterols and lipoglycan rich rigid plasma membrane and genetic material.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 5
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An algal culture is grown and two different species of protozoans A and C are inoculated into the culture which feeds on algae. For the time period during which algae is not acting as a limiting factor, protozoan A reproduces asexually once every hour and protozoan C reproduces one every 1.5 hours.
The most likely observation is

A
The protozoans will evolve to have a mutualistic relationship.

B
Both populations of protozoans will increase in size initially, but then Protozoan C will die off from the culture.

C
The algae will rapidly evolve to avoid predation.

D
The algae will die off from the culture due to overfeeding.

E
Protozoan C will evolve to replicate more rapidly.
Question 6
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Match the following lists.
List-I List-II
1. HIV I. Host
2. Pilus II. Prophage
3. Virus penetration III. Retroviridae
4. Lysogeny IV. Polyhedral virus

A
1- i, 2- ii, 3- iii, 4- iv

B
1- i, 2- iv, 3- iii, 4- ii

C
1- iv, 2- iii, 3- ii, 4- i

D
1- iii, 2- iv, 3- i, 4- ii

Solution

1. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a retrovirus belonging to family retroviridae and causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) in humans.
2. Pili (singular pilus) are the structures present in some viruses like a polyhedral virus which are meant for attachment to the host.
3. Virus attaches itself to the host and penetrates to inject its genetic material inside the host body.
4. In lysogeny, the viral DNA gets integrated into the host's DNA and replicates along with the host's DNA. When the genetic material of such phages is inserted into the genome of the host cells, it is said to be in prophage state.
Hence, the correct match is 1- iii, 2- iv, 3- i, 4- ii

Question 7

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Study the following lists.

List-I	List-II
(A) Sex hormone	(I) Fertilization in Funaria
(B) Cell wall breaking enzyme	(II) Formation of zygophores in Rhizopus
(C) Sugary mucilaginous substance	(III) Formation of buds in Funaria
(D) Naturally occurring growth factor	(IV) Fertilization of Pteris
	(V) Conjugation in Spirogyra

A- (V), B- (II), C- (IV), D- (III)

A- (V), B- (IV), C- (III), D- (II)

A- (II), B- (IV), C- (III), D- (II)

A- (II), B- (V), C- (I), D- (III)

Solution

In Funaria the female reproductive organ archegonium is a flask shaped structure differtiated nto two parts, venter and neck. Venter contains egg cell and venter canal cell. The neck is longer and contain six to ten neck canal cells. The neck is closed with cover cell.During fertilisation, the ventral canal cells and neck canal cells degenerate and produce mucillagenous substance. Mucillagnous substance absorbs water, swells up and gives pressure on the cover cellto separatapart. In this way there is formation of passage

Asexual reproduction in Funaria can take place by formation of bud like structure on rhizoids branches. The buds propagate into new plant by detaching themselves from parent plant. This is the method of natural vegetative propagation.

Pteris is a genus of fern which reproduces through spore formation.

Rhizopus is a genus of common saprophytic fungi. They reproduce by forming asexual and sexual spores. In sexual reproduction, a dark zygophore

roduced at the point where two compatible myelia fuse. Upon germination, a zygophore produces colonies that are genetically different from either parents.

In spirogyra, an algae, sexual reproduction occurs by conjugation. Two different filaments line side by side either partially or throughout their length. One cell each from opposite lined filaments emits tubular protuberances known as conjugation tubes, which elongate and fuse, to make a passage called the conjugation canal. The cytoplasm of the cell acting as the male travels through this tube and fuses with the female cytoplasm, and the gametes fuse to form zygospore. In lateral conjugation two cells behave like two filaments.

So sex hormones are useful in zygospore formation in Rhizopus. Cellwall breaking enzyme is formed in Spirogyra.Mucillagenous substance is in Funaria and growth factor is in budding of Funaria.

Option D is correct.

Question 8
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Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is a disease caused by prions in

A
Potato

B
Man

C
Sheep

D
Cow

Solution

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is also called as mad cow disease. The infected cow causes CJD in humans on consumption of the infected cow. Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD) is caused in humans because of the infectious agents in the form of prions. Prions are protein particles which fold and unfold at different conditions. The disease causes the death of the nerve cells and degeneration of the brain by forming pores in the brain structure.
So, the correct answer is 'Cow'
Question 9
1 / -0

An example of tumour inducing RNA virus is

A
Simian Virus $$40$$

B
Herpes virus

C
Adeno virus

D
Rous Sarcoma
Solution
- Rous sarcoma is a virus which belongs to the group of the retrovirus.
- This is an oncovirus which can induce or stimulate the oncogene.
- The virus infection results in the formation of tumours due to activation of the proto- oncogene.
- This virus is responsible for the formation of tumours in the chickens.
- Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 10
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Thermus aquaticus is a species of bacteria found living in the hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. Hot springs typically are areas characterized by low oxygen levels, low light levels and high concentrations of sulfur and calcium carbonate.
In what way do bacteria living in or near hot springs most likely make food?

A
Through the process of photorespiration by using oxygen and light energy to produce carbon dioxide.

B
Through the process of radiosynthesis by using gamma radiation and melanin to create energy for growth.

C
Through the process of photosynthesis by using energy from the sun, water and carbon dioxide to make glucose.

D
Through the process of chemosynthesis by combining hydrogen sulfide with oxygen and carbon dioxide to make carbohydrates.

Solution

Thermus aquaticus is a species of bacterium which lives in the hot springs. The level of oxygen and light is lower in the hot springs. This bacterium can perform chemosynthesis. The sulfur in the water reacts to form hydrogen sulfide which can be oxidized for energy. The carbon dioxide from the calcium carbonate can be used for the preparation of carbohydrates.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

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List-I	List-II
1. HIV	I. Host
2. Pilus	II. Prophage
3. Virus penetration	III. Retroviridae
4. Lysogeny	IV. Polyhedral virus

Biological Classification Test - 95

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Biological Classification Test - 95

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

$$'+' \times '-' =$$ zygospore

$$'+' \times '-' =$$ No zygospore

$$'-' \times '-' =$$ zygospore

$$'+' \times '+' =$$ zygospore

Solution

Question 2

Animalia

Eubacteria

Fungi

Protista

Archaea

Solution

Question 3

The virus must have the DNA or RNA key sequence to enter the host cell.

The virus must have the enzymes to cause the host cell to burst so that the host cell may be used as raw materials.

The virus must have the proper enzyme to puncture the membrane of the host cell.

The virus must have a particular shape that will match up with the proteins on the surface of the host cell.

The viral DNA or RNA must have a sequence that is recognized by the ribosomes of the host cell.

Solution

Question 4

Virus

Viroid

Prion

Mycoplasma

Solution

Question 5

The protozoans will evolve to have a mutualistic relationship.

Both populations of protozoans will increase in size initially, but then Protozoan C will die off from the culture.

The algae will rapidly evolve to avoid predation.

The algae will die off from the culture due to overfeeding.

Protozoan C will evolve to replicate more rapidly.

Question 6

1- i, 2- ii, 3- iii, 4- iv

1- i, 2- iv, 3- iii, 4- ii

1- iv, 2- iii, 3- ii, 4- i

1- iii, 2- iv, 3- i, 4- ii

Solution

Question 7

A- (V), B- (II), C- (IV), D- (III)

A- (V), B- (IV), C- (III), D- (II)

A- (II), B- (IV), C- (III), D- (II)

A- (II), B- (V), C- (I), D- (III)

Solution

Question 8

Potato

Man

Sheep

Cow

Solution

Question 9

Simian Virus $$40$$

Herpes virus

Adeno virus

Rous Sarcoma

Solution

Question 10

Through the process of photorespiration by using oxygen and light energy to produce carbon dioxide.

Through the process of radiosynthesis by using gamma radiation and melanin to create energy for growth.

Through the process of photosynthesis by using energy from the sun, water and carbon dioxide to make glucose.

Through the process of chemosynthesis by combining hydrogen sulfide with oxygen and carbon dioxide to make carbohydrates.

Solution

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