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Locomotion and Movement Test - 29

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Locomotion and Movement Test - 29
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Sarcomere extends between
    Solution
    • Each myofibril(a unit of the muscle cell) has alternate dark and light bands on it.
    • The light bands contain actin and are called I-band or Isotropic band, whereas the dark band called ‘A’ or Anisotropic band contains myosin.
    •  In the center of each ‘I’ band is an elastic fibre called ‘Z’ line which bisects it. The thin filaments are firmly attached to the ‘Z’ line.
    • The ‘A’ and ‘I’ bands are arranged alternately throughout the length of the myofibrils. 
    • The sarcomere is considered as the functional unit of contraction. The portion of the myofibril between two successive ‘Z’ lines is considered as a sarcomere. Hence sarcomere is the distance between two Z lines.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Two Z-lines'.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Sutural joints are present between
    Solution
    • Joints are points of contact between bones, or between bones and cartilages.
    • A suture is a type of fibrous joint that is only found in the skull. Parietals are the bones present in the skull.
    • Sutural joints are present between parietals (bones of the skull)of the skull.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Parietals of the skull'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Anisotropic band is made of
    Solution
    • Skeletal muscle fiber is made up of two types of filaments. They are thick filament (myosin) and thin filament (actin). The ‘A’ and ‘I’ bands are arranged alternately throughout the length of the myofibrils.
    • The A band in skeletal muscle is also called as anisotropic band.
    • The anisotropic band is made of both actin filaments and myosin filaments.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Component of actin filament of a sarcomere is
    Solution
    • Skeletal muscle fiber is made up of two types of filaments. They are thick filament(myosin) and thin filament(actin). 
    • Each actin (thin) filament is made of two ‘F’ (filamentous) actins helically wound to each other. Two filaments of another protein, tropomyosin also run close to the ‘F’ actins throughout its length. A complex protein Troponin is distributed at regular intervals on the tropomyosin.
    • Hence Component of actin filament of a sarcomere is Actin, troponin, and tropomyosin.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Actin, troponin, and tropomyosin'.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Sprain is due to outstretching/pulling of
    Solution
    A sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligaments which are the tough bands of fibrous tissue that connect two bones together in the joints. A sprain results in an overstretch or tear of the ligaments supporting that joint. 
    So, the correct answer is 'ligaments'.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Globular protein which masks active sites on F-actin is
    Solution
    Troponin is a globular protein which is attached to the protein tropomyosin which lies on actin filaments in muscle tissue in the relaxed muscle. This blocks the attachment site for the myosin cross-bridge, thus preventing contraction. When the muscle cell is stimulated to contract, the calcium ions attaches to troponin, which causes it to change shape, exposing binding sites for myosin on the actin filaments. Myosin's binding to actin causes cross-bridge formation and contraction of the muscle begins. So, the correct answer is 'Troponin'.

  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    ATP-ase needed for muscle contraction is present over
    Solution
    ATPase needed for muscle contraction is present over the myosin. Myosin binds to actin at a binding site. Myosin has another binding site for ATP at which enzymatic activity of myosin ATPase hydrolyzes ATP to ADP which releases an inorganic phosphate molecule and energy. The energy released during ATP hydrolysis changes the angle of the myosin head into a cocked position. The myosin head is then in a position for further movement possessing potential energy. The enzyme myosin ATPase catalyses the reaction in the presence of Ca2+^{2+} and Mg2+^{2+}. So, the correct answer is 'Myosin'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Joints of skull bones are
    Solution
    A synarthrosis is a fixed joint between bones connected by fibrous tissue. A suture is a type of fibrous joint that is only found in the skull. The sutures between bones of the skull is an example of synarthrosis. So, the correct answer is 'Synarthrosis'. 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Identify the correct statements.
    1. A-bands are dark and contain myosin.
    2. I-bands are light and contain actin.
    3. During the action, A band contracts.
    4. The part between two Z-lines is sarcomere.
    5. The central part of thin filament, not overlapped by thick filament is the H-zone.
    Solution
    • The ‘A’ and ‘I’ bands are arranged alternately throughout the length of the myofibrils. The light bands contain actin(thin filament) and are called I-band or Isotropic band, whereas the dark band called ‘A’ or Anisotropic band contains myosin(thick filament). In the centre of each ‘I’ band is an elastic fibre called ‘Z’ line which bisects it. The thin filaments are firmly attached to the ‘Z’ line. The portion of the myofibril between two successive ‘Z’ lines is considered as the functional unit of contraction and is called a sarcomere 
    • Utilizing the energy from ATP hydrolysis, the myosin head now binds to the exposed active sites on actin to form a cross bridge. 
    • This pulls the attached actin filaments towards the centre of ‘A’ band.
    • The ‘Z’ line attached to these actins are also pulled inwards thereby causing a shortening of the sarcomere, i.e., contraction. Hence the ‘I’ bands get reduced, whereas the ‘A’ bands retain the length.
    •  The central part of thick filament, not overlapped by thick filament is the H-zone.
    • So, the correct answer is '1,2 and 4
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Consider the parts labelled as a, b, c, d and e respectively in the diagram and find out the correct sequence

    Solution
    • The pelvic girdle consists of the fused bones identified as the ilium, ischium, and pubis. 
    • Two of these girdles are fused together in the anterior by the pubic symphysis, and in the posterior at the sacrum and it's attached coccyx. Hence,  the parts labelled as a, b, c, d and e respectively in the diagram is Pubis, Femur, Tibia, Ilium and Sacrum.
     So, the correct answer is 'Pubis, Femur, Tibia, Ilium and Sacrum'.
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