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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 32

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 32
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    As per accepted concept of hormone action, if receptor molecules are removed from target organs, the target organs will
    Solution
    Hormones bind to specific proteins known as hormone receptors to produce their effects. These receptors are present on target tissues only. There are two types of receptors in target tissues:
    • Membrane bound receptors : These are present on the cell membrane of target cells.
    • Intracellular receptors: These are present inside the target cell.
    When a hormone binds to its receptor, hormone receptor complex is formed. This complex leads to some biochemical changes in target tissue. Hormones regulate metabolism and physiological functions of target tissue.
    Hence, if receptor molecules are removed from target organs, the target organs will stop responding to hormones.
    So, the correct answer is 'Stop responding to hormone'.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Erythropoietin is a
    Solution
    • Erythropoietin is a hormone released by the kidney.
    • It is a glycoprotein. 
    • This hormone helps in the proliferation and differentiation of erythrocyte precursors.
    • Thus, they produce red blood cells (RBCs) from the bone marrow cells and this process is also known as erythropoiesis.
    • The cells of the kidney that produces erythropoietin are sensitive to low oxygen levels in the blood that travels to the kidney.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Glycoprotein'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    If both the ovaries are removed from rat, then which of the following hormone is decreased in the blood?
    Solution
    A. Oxytocin is secreted from the posterior pituitary and helps in the contraction of uterus during childbirth and also stimulates release of milk from mammary glands i.e. lactation.
    B. Prolactin, also known as lactogenic hormone is produced by the pituitary gland. This hormones stimulates the production of milk in mammary glands during pregnancy.
    C. Estrogen is the female sex hormone secreted from ovarian follicles and stimulate the development of female secondary sex organs.
    D. Gonadotropin releasing factor or hormone (GnRH) is secreted from hypothalamus and stimulates the release of Luteinizing hormone and Follicle stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary.
    Hence, if both the ovaries are removed from rat, then estrogen is decreased in the blood.
    So, the correct answer is 'Estrogen'.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Hassall's corpuscles are found in
    Solution
    A. Thyroid gland is situated between the trachea and larynx in the neck and secretes thyroxine hormone which increases oxygen consumption by metabolically active tissues.
    B. Thymus gland is associated with the development of immune system and present on the dorsal side of heart. It secretes thymosin hormone which plays an important role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes.
    C. Adrenal gland is present on upper side of kidneys and has two parts, adrenal cortex which secrete glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and sexocorticoids and adrenal medulla which secrete adrenaline and nor-adrenaline hormone. Adrenaline is secreted in response to stress in the body and is known as emergency hormone. Thus, adrenal gland is an emergency gland.
    D. Pineal gland is a small, rounded and reddish brown gland present at the dorsal side of forebrain. This gland secretes melatonin and serotonin hormones.
    Hassall's corpuscles are known as thymic bodies. They are present in the medulla of thymus.
    So, the correct answer is 'Thymus'.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Mammalian biorhythms may be due to differential secretion of
    Solution
    • The pineal gland or pineal body (epiphysis or third eye) is a small endocrine gland.
    • It secretes melatonin (hormone) which regulates the wake/sleep patterns and photoperiodic functions.
    • Biorhythms or biological rhythms control sleep and wake cycles and other functions such as behaviour and endocrine rhythms. These functions are regulated by the circadian clock.
    • The secretion of melatonin is triggered in dark and inhibited by light.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Melatonin'.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Concentration of skin melanin is controlled by
    Solution
    • Melanin is a pigment produced within the skin in melanocytes or skin cells when they are exposed to the sun. 
    • The process by which the pigment melanin is formed by the melanocytes is called melanogenesis.
    • The colour of the skin is determined by at least 6 genes.
    • Thus, skin colour or complexion is controlled by the environment and is also hereditary.
    • So. the correct answer is 'Both heredity and environment'.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Melanin pigment of human skin is produced by
    Solution
    • Melanin is a pigment produced within the skin in melanocytes or skin cells when they are exposed to the sun. 
    • The process by which the pigment melanin is formed by the melanocytes is called melanogenesis.
    • The pigment is formed within a small membrane-bound structure called melanosomes.
    • The skin colour is determined by a bluish-white connective tissue under the dermis or corium and the haemoglobin circulating in the veins of the corium.
    • The corium is a layer of skin present between the epidermis and the subcutaneous tissues of the skin.
    • Two types of melanin are formed in the body pheomelanin (red to yellow in colour) and eumelanin (dark brown to black).
    • Those people with light complexion produce pheomelanin whereas, those with dark complexion produce eumelanin.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Melanocytes of corium and incorporated in epidermis'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    The condition of having excess levels of potassium in blood is called _______.
    Solution
    A. Hypercholesterolemia is a condition of high cholesterol in blood.
    B. Hyperkalemia is a condition of high potassium levels in blood.
    C. Osteomalacia is a condition in which bones get softened due to deficiency of calcium or vitamin D.
    D. Hypernatremia is a condition of high sodium concentration in blood.
    So, the correct answer is 'Hyperkalemia'.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    In heart cells, which one a second messenger that speeds up muscle contraction in response to adrenaline 
    Solution
    Adrenaline binds to its receptors present on the cell surface i.e. plasma membrane. In heart muscles, cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) acts as a second messenger. It increases muscle contraction in response to adrenaline which is a neurotransmitter secreted from adrenal medulla. cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate) also acts as a second messenger but it decreases muscle contraction in response to acetylcholine.
    So, the correct answer is 'cAMP'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Increase in bleeding time and delay in blood coagulation occur due to deficiency of 
    Solution
    Parathormone is secreted from the parathyroid gland and increases blood calcium level by increasing the reabsorption of calcium from the bones. A deficiency of parathormone causes deficiency of calcium in blood. Calcium plays an important role in blood coagulation as aggregation of platelets and formation of fibrin fibres at the wound site require calcium.
    So, the correct answer is 'Parathormone'.
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