Morphology of Flowering Plants Test 14

Many plants growing in aquatic habitats do not possess roots because there is little requirement for absorption of water and mineral salts, e.g., Wolffia, Utricularia, Myriophyllum, Ceratophyllum. In other aquatic plants, roots develop only for balancing (e.g., Lemna, Pistia) and fixation (e.g., Hydrilla). The root cap is a section of tissue at the tip of a plant root. It is also called as calyptra. Root caps contain statocytes which are involved in gravity perception in plants. If the cap is carefully removed the root will grow randomly. The root cap protects the growing tip in plants. It secretes mucilage to ease the movement of the root through soil and may also be involved in communication with the soil microbiota. Since, roots in Pistia are only for balancing, root cap is not required. So, root cap is absent in Pistia. 

Nodulated roots are bead-like structures on the roots and found in plants that are associated with Rhizobium the symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria. The root nodules contain nitrogen and Rhizobia. Mostly found among the legume family- Fabaceae or Leguminosae. This enables them to fix gaseous nitrogen from the atmosphere into the nodule which is then used up by the plant. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Parietal placentation is found in Bi or multicarpellary ovary but unilocular. Presence of multicarpellary syncarpous and unilocular gynoecium. The ovules are borne on the inner surface of the ovary wall. Parietal placentation is present in Cruciferae, Capparidaceae.
Marginal palcenattion is presence of monocarpellary unilocular gynoecium.  Single row of ovules along the ventral sutures of the carpel. This type of placentation is common in the members of Leguminosae. Axile placenatation is presence of multicarpellary, syncarpous and multilocular gynoecium. The placenta is present on the fused margins of the same carpel. The ovules are attached along the central axis. Axile placentation is observed in the Malvaceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae etc. Basal placentation is presence of monocarpellary and unilocular gynoecium. The placentum arise from the basal region from which the ovules also arise. Example as in Asteraceae (Compositae). 
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Radical leaves are located at the base of a plant or stem especially arising directly from the root, rootstock or a root-like stem. In a radish, leaves are arising from root directly.

Inflorescence and fruit of sunflower is capitulum and cypsella. The main feature of the family is the composite flower type in the form of capitula surrounded by involucral bracts.The individual flowers in a head have 5 fused petals, but instead of sepals, have threadlike hairy or bristly structures called as pappus, which surround the fruit and can stick to animal fur or be lifted by wind, aiding in seed dispersal. The whitish fluffy head of a dandelion commonly blown on by children, is made of the pappus, with tiny seeds attached at the ends, whereby the pappus provides a parachute like structure to help the seed be carried away in the wind.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

The chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is a legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae. It is also known as gram or Bengal gram, garbanzo or garbanzo bean and sometimes known as Egyptian pea, ceci, cece or chana. Its seeds are high in protein. Chickpeas are a nutrient-dense food, providing rich content of protein, dietary fibre, folate, and certain dietary minerals such as iron and phosphorus. Thiamin, vitamin B6, magnesium and zinc contents are moderate. Chickpeas have a Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score of about 76 percent, which is higher than fruits, vegetables, many other legumes, and cereals. So, major source of protein is Cicer arietinum compared to Oryza sativa (rice), Beta vulgaris (beet root) and Rhizobium (bacteria). 
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Pneumatophores are found in the vegetation which is found in marshy and saline lake. These specialized aerial roots that help plants to breathe air in an area of waterlogged soil. Lenticels present on the surface of these roots helps in taking up air into spongy tissue which in turn spread oxygen throughout the plant as needed. It is a type of root that grow negatively geotropic for taking in oxygen from the air. They are pencil-like roots that stick up out of the dense, wet ground like snorkels.      

The peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is a species in the family Fabaceae. The peanut was probably first domesticated and cultivated in the valleys of Paraguay. It is an annual herbaceous plant growing 30 to 50 cm tall. Because, in botanical terms, nut specifically refers to indehiscent fruit, the peanut is not technically a nut, but rather a legume. Peanuts are often served in a similar manner to true nuts in many Western cuisines, and are often referred to as a nut in common English.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

The pappus is the modified calyx, the part of an individual floret that surrounds the base of the corolla tube in flower heads of the plant family Asteraceae. The term is sometimes used in other plant families such as Asclepiadaceae, whose seeds have a similar structure attached, although it has not related to the calyx of the flower.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Inflorescence in Solanaceae is Cymose. Determinate simple inflorescences are generally called as cymose. The main kind of cymose inflorescence is the cyme. The flowers are generally hermaphrodites, although some are monoecious, andromonoecious or dioecious species. Pollination is entomophilous. The flowers can be solitary or grouped into terminal, cymose or axillary inflorescences. The flowers are medium-sized, fragrant or inodorous.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.