Morphology of Flowering Plants Test 16

Epipetalous stamens and axile placentation is found in Malvaceae. The stamens are five to numerous and connate at least at their bases, but often forming a tube around the pistils. The pistils are composed of two to many connate carpels. The ovary is superior, with axial placentation, with capitate or lobed stigma. The flowers have nectaries made of many tightly packed glandular hairs, usually positioned on the sepals.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Leguminous plants of the pea flower family are characterized by nodules on their roots. These contain bacteria that are able to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere into the soil and then plants themselves. The process of crop rotation involves switching between crops that take nitrogen compounds out of the soil and leguminous plants that put them back in. There is a large number of plants known as leguminous plants. Many of them are farmed, for example all the varieties of beans, peas and groundnuts. Some are eaten, some are used as fallow crops, e.g., Tephrosia and Mucuna. Some leguminous crops are trees, some are shrubs (e.g., Tephrosia), some are small plants not more than 10 cm in height like the groundnut. They are able to take nitrogen, one of the most important plant foods, from the air while all other plants have to rely on nitrogen available in the soil. This has an important consequence. They do not compete with other crops for nitrogen. They even enrich the soil with nitrogen they do not use up themselves. So, the leguminous plants are important in agriculture because they help in nitrogen economy of nature and not because, crops of legumes can be produced in a year, they are disease resistant or they require very little irrigation. 
Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Undoubtedly the most noteworthy plants to present their flowers in a capitulum are those in the aster family, Asteraceae. Also called as the Compositae because their capitulum often includes two types of flowers in a special mixed cluster, these capitula often resemble large individual blossoms. The flowers are individually tiny; aggregation in a capitulum facilitates assembly-line pollination, whereby one floral visitor can deliver pollen to and remove it from, many flowers in one foraging bout.

Undoubtedly the most noteworthy plants to present their flowers in a capitulum are those in the aster family, Asteraceae. Also called as the Compositae because their capitulum often includes two types of flowers in a special mixed cluster, these capitula often resemble large individual blossoms. The flowers are individually tiny; aggregation in a capitulum facilitates assembly-line pollination, whereby one floral visitor can deliver pollen to, and remove it from, many flowers in one foraging bout.
Liliaceae family shows bracteate inflorescence. Papilionaceae family shows receme inflorescence. Rosaceae family shows solitary, receme or cyme inflorescence. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Allium cepa is example of Liliaceae. In family Liliaceae - perianth and trimerous flowers are found. Both the petals and sepals are usually similar and appear as two concentric groups (whorls) of petals, that are often striped or multi-coloured and produce nectar at their bases. The stamens are usually in two groups of three (trimerous) and the pollen has a single groove (monosulcate). The ovary is placed above the attachment of the other parts. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

A lenticel is a porous tissue consisting of cells with large intercellular spaces in the periderm of the secondarily thickened organs and the bark of woody stems and roots of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It functions as a pore, providing a pathway for the direct exchange of gases between the internal tissues and atmosphere through the bark, which is otherwise impermeable to gases. A hydathode is a type of secretory tissue in leaves, usually found in angiosperms, that secretes water through pores in the epidermis or margin of leaves, typically at the tip of a marginal tooth or serration.
Hydathodes are mainly found in aquatic plants and in some herbaceous plants growing in moist places.
A stoma (plural stomata) is a pore, found in the epidermis of leaves, stems and other organs that is used to control gas exchange.
Aerenchyma is the spaces or air channels in the leaves, stems and roots of some plants, which allows exchange of gases between the shoot and the root.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Hypanthodium - In this type of inflorescence the receptacle becomes spherical with a cavity inside. It opens to the outside with a small opening. Numerous small sessile flowers are produced from the inner surface of the receptacle. These flowers are of three types: male flowers, female flowers and sterile female flowers (gall flowers) e.g., Ficus. Cyathium and catkin are absent in ficus. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Verticellaster is a special type of inflorescence seen in Leucas. At each node of the stem two axillary opposite cymose inflorescences develop on either side. The cyme in the axil of each leaf, starts as a dichasial cyme but subsequently become monochasial scorpioid cyme. As a result the cyme bends round the stem on either side and meets a similar cyme from the opposite side. Hence, at each node there is a cluster of flowers completely surrounding the stem. It is a characteristic of family Labiatae. Cucurbitaceae family shows axillary solitary inflorescence.
Thyrse inflorescence is a characteristic of Rubiaceae family.
Capitulum inflorescence is a characteristic of family Asteraceae. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Ornamental plant tulip belong to which family Liliaceae. Family Liliaceae is characterised by trimerous flowers. The flowers may be arranged (inflorescence) along the stem, developing from the base or as a single flower at the tip of the stem or as a cluster of flowers. They contain both male (androecium) and female (gynoecium) characteristics and are symmetric radially, but sometimes as a mirror image. Most flowers are large and colourful.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.