Morphology of Flowering Plants Test 43

Compositae which is also known as Asteraceae is a large, widespread and economically important family of flowering plants. This family is known as Compositae because many species have composite flowers in the form of flower heads. It provides products such as cooking oils, lettuce, sunflower seeds, herbal tea etc.

In agriculture, green manure is created by leaving uprooted or sown crop parts to grow on the field so that they improve soil properties. In green manure, quick-growing crops such as Crotolaria juncea and Alhagi camelorum which are cultivated and ploughed into the soil which increases crop yield by 30-50%. Crotolaria juncea, commonly known as Indian hemp is a tropical Asian plant belonging to family Fabaceae. Alhagi camerolum, commonly known as camelthorn belongs to family Fabaceae. So, the correct answer is 'Crotolaria juncea and Alhagi camelorum'.

The perianth is the non-reproductive part of the flower, consisting of the calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals) which forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs. Perianth occurs in the family Liliaceae. In Liliaceae, perianth is 6 which is arranged in two whorls of three each and perianth may be scarious or membranous.

Arachis hypogaea, commonly known as groundnut or peanut is a legume crop which is grown mainly for its edible seeds and oil present in the seeds i.e in cotyledons. It belongs to family Fabaceae. In groundnut, the cotyledons are the source of food and oil. Peanut oil is often used in cooking. Due to its monounsaturated content, it is considered more healthful than saturated oils and it is resistant to rancidity. So, the correct answer is 'Cotyledons'.

Colchicum autumnale, commonly known as autumn crocus or meadow saffron is a toxic autumn-blooming flowering plant belonging to the family Liliaceae. It is a perennial herb and it is commonly cultivated as an ornamental in temperate areas, in spite of its toxicity. The bulb-like corms of Colchicum autumnale contain colchicine, a drug which is used in the treatment of gout. It is also used in plant breeding to produce polyploid strains. So, the correct answer is 'Liliaceae'.

The Liliaceae or Lily family is an economically important family of monocotyledonous flowering plant. They are monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, often bulbous geophytes. Liliaceae are widely distributed, mainly in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere and the flowers are insect pollinated. Many Liliaceae are important ornamental plants,  widely grown for their attractive flowers.

Glycine max, commonly known as soyabean or soybean is the species of legume belonging to family Fabaceae. It is native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean. Soybeans are a globally important crop, providing oil and protein. Cultivation is successful in climates with hot summers, with optimum growing conditions in mean temperatures of 20 to 30 °C.

Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as a legume, pea or bean family is a large and economically important family of flowering plants. It includes trees, annual or perennial herbaceous plants and shrubs. Fabaceae includes a number of agricultural and food plants such as cereals, pulses, fruits, roots etc. Hence, plants which provide pulses such as chickpea, Bengal gram etc. belong to family Fabaceae.

Liliaceae or Lily family is a large and economically important family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. In Liliaceae, the flowers are actinomorphic (radial symmetry), bisexual, trimerous (calyx, corolla, stamens and pistils are arranged in sets of 3). The stamens are 6, polyandrous (stamens are free), anthers dithecous. The ovary is tricarpellary, syncarpous, superior ovary, trilocular or unilocular with two ovules, axile placentation (The carpels fuse to form septa forming a central axis and ovules are arranged on the axis).

• Arachis is a genus of many species of annual or perennial flowering plants belonging to family Fabaceae. Arachis exhibit geocarpy. Geocarpy is an extremely rare means of plant reproduction in which plant produce diaspores within the soil. It occurs in flowers which penetrate into the soil after flowering.

• Cichorium is a genus of plants within the family Asteraceae. In Cichorium, the root is fasciculate adventitious root which occurs in a cluster at the base of the stem and usually become thick and fleshy to store food.

• Lilium is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants growing from bulbils and all are with large prominent flowers. It belongs to family Liliaceae.

• Physalis is a genus of flowering plants belonging to family Solanaceae. The swollen placenta is characteristic of family Solanaceae.

• So, the correct answer is 'a-4, b-3, c-5, d-1'.