Morphology of Flowering Plants Test -5

Locomotory organ of annelia is parapodia. Parapodiumare in form of lateral fleshy protrusions on the body surface that help in movement and capturing food.

The larvae of urochordates is called tadpole. Tadpolechange into adults by the process of metamorphosis. The structure of tadpole is totally different from the adult ones.

The silk produced by Antheraeamylitta is called Tasar silk. This silk is considered as most durable and best quality silk.

Ichthyophis is an amphibian which is limbless. Sometimes called as Asian caecilians. They are found in southeast Asiaand the southern Philippines

In acropetal succession of an inflorescence, the youngest floral buds are found at distal end and the oldest flower are found at proximal end.

In basalplacentation, the placenta develops at the base of ovary and a single ovule is attached to it,

Aleurone layer of maize grain is rich in proteins. It is the outermost layer of the endosperm followed by the inner starchy endosperm.

The flowers in which sepals andpetals are not differentiated are called perianth. The individual component of perianth are called Tepals.

The condensed part of stem which is specializedto take part in sexual reproduction of angiosperms is called flower. Flower produce seeds and fruits for propagation of species.

Fruits are the mature ovary or ovaries of one or more flowers. In fleshy fruits, the outer layer (which is often edible) is the pericarp, which is the tissue that develops from the ovary wall of the flower and surrounds the seeds.

• A plant stem that grows horizontally under or along the ground and forms roots and shoots are called rhizomes. 
• The rhizome is the modification of the stem for the production of new plants.  For example, ginger, turmeric, and galangal.

• Thorns are modified branches or stems. Thorns are derived from shoots, they can be branched and they can have leaves. They arise from a bud. Thorns have vascular bundles inside. 
• Spines are derived from leaves and have vascular bundles inside. Spines are modified leaves, stipules, or parts of leaves, such as extensions of leaf veins. 
• Prickles are like coarse hairs. They are extensions of the cortex and epidermis. Prickles do not have vascular bundles inside, so they can be removed more easily.
• Bristles are an extension of a leaf vein that goes beyond the margin.

Bulbs are underground storage organ which consists short stem with fleshy and scaly leaves. Bulb scales morphologically are the continuous sheathing leaf bases. Bulbs are produced by monocotyledons plants in which the usual structure is modified for storage and reproduction. The outer scales are generally fleshy and contain reserve food material

In Opuntia (prickly pear), the stem is modified into a flat, spongy, leaf-like structure (phylloclade) and has water storage tissues inside it. It contains chlorophyll and conducts photosynthesis. The leaves are modified into spines. These modified leaves aggregate to form groups of fine bristles called areoles which are prickly. Hence, Opuntia is also called prickly pear.

Opuntia (subfamily Opuntioideae) belongs to species of cacti. They have green, fleshy succulent enlarged stems called as phylloclades that are major organs of photosynthesis. They have absent, small or modified leaves. In the absence of leaves, these modified stems carry out photosynthesis.

A) Correct option (C)
B) Explanation of the correct option

Option C: Corm: It is a condensed structure that grows vertically under the soil surface. They are having a spherical node and internode eg. Colocasia, Alocasia, Zaminkand, Saffron, Gladiolus, Colchicum

C) Explanation of incorrect option.

Option A):  Bulb is reduced and has a disc-like structure and surrounds with numerous fleshly scaly leaves. Many roots arise from its base. Food is stored in flashy leaves. 

Option B): Rhizome: It is fleshy and horizontally stems found below in soil. Small nodes and internodes are found which are covered by scaly leaves.

Option D): Bulbil is a tiny secondary bulb that forms between a leaf and stem or in place of flowers on certain plants.

Corm is underground fleshy stem that stores food and looks somewhat like a bulb and has fewer and thinner leaf like scales e.g colocasia. It is considered as the organ for vegetative reproduction, whereas a rhizome is a horizontal underground stem that send its roots and shoots from nodes e.g ginger.

Tendrils are thin, long, thread shaped modified axillary buds that wind tightly around a thin rod a shoot or the stalk of another plant. In the case of Vitis vinifera and Bryonia dioica, the tendrils are lateral shoots usually opposite to a leaf.

A swelling at the base of a petiole is known as pulvinus. It is a joint-like thickening at the base of a plant leaf or leaflet that facilitates growth-independent movement. For example, mango, pea and gram.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

A plant stem that grows horizontally underground and from which roots and shoots grow are called as a rhizome. New plants develop from the shoots. They are also called as root stock e.g., ginger. The corm is a short underground swollen modified stem which stores food to survive winter, summer drought and heat. A stolon is a modified stem that grows horizontally just below the soil. Bulbil is a bulb-like structure produced in a leaf axil.