Morphology of Flowering Plants Test -9

Indigofera is a dye belonging to family Fabaceae.

The members of family Solanceae bears flower which is pentamerous, actinomorphic, bicarpellary, ovary with oblique septum and berry or capsule fruit. It includes potato, brinjal etc.

Hypanthodium is a special type of inflorescence in which receptacleis fleshy and forms hollow ball like structure with an apical opening. This kind of inflorescence is found in genus ficus.

A plant having male, female and inter-sexual flowers is called polygamous flower. Same plant bears all three kinds of flowers.

The symmetry in which a flower can be divided into two equal vertical halves by only one plane is called zygomorphic flower as in pea.

Samara is a winged achene, a type of fruit which a flattened wing of fibrous, papery tissue develops form the ovary wall.

A pinnately compound leaves is one which the midrib bears laterally a number of leaflets. Unipinnatecompound leaves is present in neem plant.

Placentation in a syncarpous, unilocular ovary bearing two or more placentae longitudinallyalong the wall is called parietal placentation.

Cypsela is a single-seeded dry indehiscent fruit that develops froma a one part of inferior ovary which is bicarpellary and syncarpous.

Morphology is the branch of science in which we study about form, size, colour, structure and relative position of various parts of organisms.

Two kinds of root systems are seen in flowering plants:
(i) Taproot system: Primary root grows vertically down into the soil, secondary roots grow from this at an acute angle outwards and downwards, and from these other branches may arise. The main or primary root is known as the taproot; together with its branched roots, it forms a taproot system e.g. the bean.
(ii) Fibrous root system: The primary root usually dies at an early stage and is replaced by numerous roots that develop from the stem, e.g., the maize.

Solution:

Correct answer is option B
Explanation for correct option:

Stilt roots arise from basal nodes of the stem near the soil. They grow obliquely and enter the soil, supporting the plant body against the wind, just like the ropes of a tent. These are also meant for mechanical support. Stilt roots are found in sugarcane. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Chloroplast are absent in root hairs because root hairs do not produce food. These are meant for absorption of water and minerals from soil. Chloroplast is the store house of chlorophyll which is the green pigment essential in photosynthesis.Moreover root and root hair are underground structures away from light, hence they do not contain chloroplasts, as chlorophyll pigments present within the chloroplasts are functional only in presence of light.

The inflorescence of the plant Brassica oleracea is the edible part. There are two forms of Brassica oleracea that may be referred to as broccoflower. One is regular cauliflower and the other has a spiky appearance. These are cultivars of cauliflower as they have inflorescence meristems rather than flower buds when harvested. 

The form of starch grains may be spherical, ellipsoidal, ovoid, lentiform or where closely packed or crowded together, polyhedral. The center vacuole tends to be a very small circle. Rice grains tend to clump in groups of a few to over a hundred in ovaloid clusters. So, starch grains in rice are compound. Thus, option D is correct.

• Roots that develop from any part other than radicals in the plant are called adventitious roots. Adventitious roots are commonly found in monocots and pteridophytes, and also among some dicots.
• Epiphyllous condition is the one in which the stamens are fused with tepals (whorls of perianth) as found in liliacecea family.
  
• Hygroscopic roots are those roots that absorb water from the atmosphere with specialized dermal tissue.
  
• A fibrous root is a true root, usually formed by a thin, network of branching roots of equal diameter.
  

So, the correct answer is option C.

Stilt roots are type of aerial roots that develop from the nodes  main stem and grow downward towards the soil and provide additional support to the stem,  These are found inPandanus and other monocot plants like maize. Hence, the correct option is A.

Epiphytic roots or hydroscopic roots are the adventitious roots found in some orchids that grow as epiphytes on tree trunks. These specialized roots are whitish and thickened having a sponge like tissure called as velamen. It helps in absorbing and storing water, e.g., Vanda.

• Leguminous plants possess nodulated roots, which are the home for Rhizobium, the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Rhizobia are found living in the soil and can exist without a host plant. 
• However, when the legume plants encounter low nitrogen conditions they look to form a symbiotic relationship with Rhizobia and they release flavinoids into the soil. 
• When exposed to flavonoids, Rhizobia respond by releasing nodulation factor, which stimulates nodule formation in plant roots.

Climbing roots are adventitious roots that arise from nodes and attach themselves to some support and climb on the bark of any tree. For example, money plant, betel. The betel (Piper betle) is the leaf of a vine belonging to the Piperaceae family.