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Biomolecules Test - 42

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Biomolecules Test - 42
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is a unit of nucleic acid?
    Solution
    Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides. Nucleotides are joined with the help of phosphodiester bonds to form single strand of nucleic acids. The nucleotides are phosphoric acid esters of nucleosides.
    So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Peptidyl transferase enzyme found on _______.
    Solution
    The peptidyl transferase is an aminoacyltransferase, it performs the primary enzymatic function of the ribosome, which forms peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids using tRNAs during the translation process of protein biosynthesis. Peptidyl transferase activity is carried out by the ribosome. Peptidyl transferase activity is not mediated by any ribosomal proteins but by ribosomal RNA (rRNA), a ribozyme. 
    So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which may be attached with adenine base in RNA?
    Solution
    RNA is made up of ribonucleotides. Ribonucleotides have adenine and guanine as purine bases and cytosine and uracil as pyrimidine bases. In a chain of RNA, adenine may attach with uracil with the help of a double hydrogen bond. The guanine may attach with cytosine with the help of a triple hydrogen bond.
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which of these elements is not found in nitrogenous base?
    Solution
    Nitrogenous bases are components of nucleosides and nucleotides which make up nucleic acids. The nitrogenous bases are compounds of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen. They can be of two types, purines (adenine and guanine) or pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine and uracil).
    So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    DNA differs from RNA in
    Solution
    Correct Option: C
    Explanation: 

     DNA RNA
     Nitrogen bases present in DNA are Adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). Nitrogen bases present in RNA are Adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U)
     It has deoxyribose sugar. It consists of the ribose sugar.
     DNA has higher stability. It is less stable.
    Hence, the nitrogen base and sugar are different in DNA and RNA, because DNA consists of deoxyribose sugar and thymine whereas, RNA has ribose sugar and uracil.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    In which one of the following enzymes, is copper necessarily associated as an activator?
    Solution
    In tyrosinase, copper is associated as an activator. Tyrosinase is an oxidase that is the rate-limiting enzyme for controlling the production of melanin. Tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme present in plant and animal tissues that catalyzes the production of melanin and other pigments from tyrosine by oxidation.
    So, the correct answer is 'Tyrosinase'.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    In RNA, nucleotides are bonded by
    Solution
    • In RNA, nucleotides are bonded by a phosphodiester bond. A phosphodiester bond occurs when exactly two of the hydroxyl groups in phosphoric acid react with hydroxyl groups on other molecules to form two ester bonds.
    • Phosphodiester bonds make up the backbone of the strands of DNA. In DNA and RNA, the phosphodiester bond is the linkage between the 3' carbon atom of one sugar molecule and the 5' carbon atom of another, deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA. 
    • Strong covalent bonds form between the phosphate group and two 5-carbon ring carbohydrates (pentoses) over two ester bonds.
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    DNA polymerase enzyme is required for the synthesis of ___________.
    Solution
    DNA polymerase enzyme helps in DNA dependent DNA synthesis by addition of deoxyribonucleotides, building blocks of DNA. This enzyme uses DNA as the template and synthesizes DNA. This process is also known as replication.
    RNA from DNA is synthesized by RNA polymerase enzyme through the process called transcription. RNA is used as the template and nucleotides are for RNA synthesis.
    DNA from RNA is synthesized by reverse transcriptase enzyme in some retroviruses where RNA acts as the genetic material.
    So, the correct option is 'DNA from DNA'.
    Option A is correct. 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The scientist awarded Nobel prize in 1959 for in vitro synthesis of polyribonucleotide was
    Solution
    The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 was awarded jointly to Severo Ochoa and Arthur Kornberg "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid". Mendel, Calvin, and Khorana were awarded Nobel prize in 1959 for in vitro synthesis of polyribonucleotide. 
    So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The information from RNA to DNA are transferred by the process, which is called as
    Solution
    The information from RNA to DNA are transferred by the process called reverse transcription. This process is possible because of the enzyme reverse transcriptase. A Reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme used to generate complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template. It is mainly associated with retroviruses. A retrovirus  converts single-stranded genomic RNA into double-stranded cDNA which can integrate into the host genome, potentially generating a long-term infection that can be very difficult to eradicate.
    So, the correct answer is option D.
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