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Biomolecules Test - 44

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Biomolecules Test - 44
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    First discovered enzyme was
    Solution
    Enzymes are biological catalysts, which activate various biochemical reactions of a living cell in a highly specific and precise manner. Enzymology is the study of enzymes. The name enzyme was coined by Kuhne in 1878. Pasteur recognised that some microorganisms like yeasts have got a capacity to cause fermentation in wine. In 1897, Buchner discovered that yeast extract could bring about fermentation of grape juice, like the living yeast cells. He also observed that the extract has lost its catalytic activity on boiling. He coined the word zymase for the active principle involved in the fermentation. The substance on which the enzyme acts is called substrate. Enzymes are essentially proteins but all proteins are not enzymes.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Who coined the term enzyme?
    Solution
    Enzymes are biological catalysts, which activate various biochemical reactions of a living cell in a highly specific and precise manner. Enzymology is the study of enzymes. The name enzyme was coined by Kuhne in 1878. Pasteur recognised that some microorganisms like yeasts have got a capacity to cause fermentation in wine. In 1897, Buchner discovered that yeast extract could bring about fermentation of grape juice, like the living yeast cells. He also observed that the extract has lost its catalytic activity on boiling. He coined the word zymase for the active principle involved in the fermentation. The substance on which the enzyme acts is called substrate. Enzymes are essentially proteins but all proteins are not enzymes.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    The fastest acting enzyme, in the biological kingdom, is 
    Solution
    Enzymes are biological catalysts which catalyze biological reactions. They do not modify the chemical equilibria in any manner but simply make the attainment of equilibrium faster. Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes reversible reaction between carbon dioxide and water to form carbonic acid. This enzyme is one of the fastest enzyme. It is especially abundant in human erythrocytes.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The stored food in onion leaves is
    Solution
    The base of each onion leaf is a flattened, usually white sheath that grows out of a basal disc. From the underside of the disc, a bundle of fibrous roots extends for a short way into the soil. As the onion matures, food reserves begin to accumulate in the leaf bases and the bulb of the onion swells. The food reserves are mainly sugars.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    The contractile protein of skeletal muscle involving ATPase activity is
    Solution
    The contractile protein of skeletal muscle involving ATPase activity is myosin. Myosins comprise a family of ATP-dependent motor proteins and are best known for their role in muscle contraction and their involvement in a wide range of other eukaryotic motility processes. They are responsible for actin-based motility. The term was originally used to describe a group of similar ATPases found in striated and smooth muscle cells.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Enzyme were discovered for the first time in
    Solution
    Enzymes are biological catalysts, which activate various biochemical reactions of a living cell in a highly specific and precise manner. Enzymology is the study of enzymes. The name enzyme was coined by Kuhne in 1878. Pasteur recognised that some microorganisms like yeasts have got a capacity to cause fermentation in wine. In 1897, Buchner discovered that yeast extract could bring about fermentation of grape juice, like the living yeast cells. He also observed that the extract has lost its catalytic activity on boiling. He coined the word zymase for the active principle involved in the fermentation. The substance on which the enzyme acts is called substrate. Enzymes are essentially proteins but all proteins are not enzymes.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Ribonucleic acid occurs in
    Solution
    Ribonucleic acid occurs in nucleus and cytoplasm. The DNA molecules are transcribed inside the nucleus to form RNA. The RNA undergoes post-translational modification and forms different types of RNA which leave the nucleus by nuclear pore and undergoes translation to form protein.
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    The first enzyme isolated in crystalline form was 
    Solution
    in 1897, Eduard Buchner discovered that yeast extracts could ferment sugar to alcohol, proving that fermentation was promoted by molecules that continued to function when removed from cells. Frederick W. Khne called these molecules as enzymes. The isolation and crystallization of urease by James Sumner, in 1926, provided a breakthrough in early enzyme studies. Sumner found that urease crystals consisted entirely of protein, and he postulated that all enzymes are proteins. In the absence of other examples, this idea remained controversial for some time. Only in the 1930s, was Sumners conclusion widely accepted, after John Northrop and Moses Kunitz crystallized pepsin, trypsin, and other digestive enzymes and found them also to be proteins.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The function of enzymes in the living system is to:
    Solution
    Enzymes are globular proteins which catalyse the biochemical reaction in the living systems.

    Enzymes speed up chemical reactions in the body but do not get used up in the process, therefore can be used over and over again. Almost all biochemical reactions in living things need enzymes.

    Hence, option C is correct.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Enzyme concerned with transfer of electrons is
    Solution
    Dehydrogenases are the enzymes which catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions by addition or removal of electrons. These reactions are used to synthesize reduced coenzymes like NADH$$_2$$ and FADH$$_2$$. For example phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase.
    So, the correct answer is 'Dehydrogenase'.
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