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Biomolecules Test - 48

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Biomolecules Test - 48
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    The major requirement of protein in the body is for
    Solution
    Protein is a nutrient needed by the human body for growth and maintenance. Protein can be found in all cells of the body and is the major structural component of all cells in the body, especially muscle. This also includes body organs, hair and skin. Proteins are also used in membranes, such as glycoproteins. When broken down into amino acids, they are used as precursors to nucleic acid, co-enzymes, hormones, immune response, cellular repair, and other molecules essential for life. Additionally, protein is needed to form blood cells. 
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    The two richest known sources of edible proteins are
    Solution
    Soy protein is a protein that is isolated from soybean. It is made from soybean meal that has been dehulled and defatted. Soybean protein is a "complete protein" since it provides all of the essential amino acids for human nutrition. Soybean protein is essentially identical to that of other legume pulses, and is one of the least expensive sources of dietary protein. For this reason, soy is important to many vegetarians and vegans.
    Groundnuts are rich in energy (567 calories per 100 g) and contain health benefiting nutrients, minerals, antioxidants and vitamins that are essential for optimum health.
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    The term 'nonessential amino acids' is applied to amino acids that are
    Solution
    Nonessential amino acids are any of various alpha-amino acids which are required for normal health and growth, which can be synthesized within the body or derived in the body from essential amino acids, and which include alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Nucleic acids are the polymers of
    Solution
    Nucleic acids, which include DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), are made from monomers known as nucleotides. Each nucleotide has three components, a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. If the sugar is deoxyribose, the polymer is DNA.
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Find the odd one out.
    Solution
    Correct option: D
    Explanation:
    • Butter is a type of fat predominantly obtained from animal resources.
    • Soyabean, pea, and rice are plants and sources of protein for the body.
    • Butter is mostly prepared from milk by separating the cream from milk.
    Hence, "butter" is the odd one out.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Soybeans are the richest source of
    Solution
    Soybeans are the plants which are cultivated for the production of the fruits in the form of beans. The soybeans are the leguminous plants which are the rich source of proteins. These pants have an association with the nitrogen-fixing bacterium in the roots. Due to the high nitrate content of the soil, the plants are high in amounts of amino acids and proteins. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which one is common among nucleus, chloroplast and mitochondria?
    Solution
    Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have descended from specialized bacteria therefore, they have a membrane similar to bacteria and possess their own nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
    Nucleus consists of chromosome which is a thread-like structure which consists of DNA molecule coiled around histone proteins.
    So, the correct answer is 'Nucleic acid'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    How many of the 20 amino acids are essential amino acids for an adult human?
    Solution
    Adult humans are unable to synthesize all twenty amino acids needed for protein synthesis; those which cannot be synthesized and which must then be acquired via the diet are referred to as essential. The ten which the body can synthesize on its own are nonessential.
    The ten essential amino acids for adults are
    • Phenylalanine
    • Valine
    • Tryptophan
    • Threonine
    • Isoleucine
    • Methionine
    • Histidine
    • Arginine
    • Leucine
    • Lysine
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The aerobic bacteria can be grown in clarified water by :
    Solution
    The aerobic bacteria can be grown in clarified by aeration.

    Aeration is the process by which are is circulated through mixed or dissolved in a liquid or substance.

    Hence, option A is correct.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Which of following has a clover leaf shaped structure?
    Solution
    Transfer RNA (tRNA) have a primary, secondary, and tertiary (L-shaped) structure.
    1. Primary Structure:
    The primary structure is short. It contains about 73 to 93 nucleotides. Three of the nucleotides make up the anticodon. It has a CCA at the end of the structure which helps enzymes identify the tRNA molecule. All 4 bases can be methylated.
    2. Secondary Structure:
    The secondary structure is formed like cloverleaf structure because of four base-paired stems also called as arms. The cloverleaf contains three non-base-paired loops: D, anticodon, and TpsiC loop. The terminal CCA is not base paired. It's duplexed between the 5' segment and 3' segment.
    The acceptor stem which is not a loop is the site where the enzyme amino-acyl-tRNA synthase attaches an amino acid. It is located opposite of the anticodon arm which reads the mRNA.
    3. Tertiary Structure:
    For the tertiary structure, it can be described as a compact of L shape. It is three dimensional. The structure is bonded and stabilized by base pairing and base stacking. Base pairs between nucleotides in the D loop and the TΨC loop. At the end of the L shape is the three base sequence called as anti-codon.
    So, the correct answer is option A.
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