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Biomolecules Test - 51

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Biomolecules Test - 51
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Identify the polysaccharide with $$\beta$$ - glycosidic bond 
    Solution
    • Starch is a homopolysaccharide of D-glucose and contains two types of glucose polymer, amylase, and amylopectin. 
    • The long, unbranched chains of D-glucose residues connected by alpha 1,4 linkages are termed amylase. 
    • The branched polymer of glucose wherein alpha 1,4 glycosidic linkages join successive glucose with branch points having alpha 1,6 linkages. 
    • Glycogen is also a homopolysaccharide of D-glucose that differs from starch in being highly branched (every 8-12 residues as compared to the presence of branches in starch for every 24-30 residues) but carries the same bonding pattern. This makes options A and B incorrect. 
    • Starch is a polymer of glucose, wherein glucose residues are linked together by alpha-1,4 glycosidic linkage. This makes option C incorrect. 
    • Cellulose is a linear homopolysaccharide of D-glucose units, which are linked together by beta-1,4 glycosidic bonds. This makes option D the correct answer. 
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Which of the following ratios does not change in DNA?
    Solution
    According to Chargaff’s rule all cellular DNAs, regardless of the species, number of adenosine residues is equal to number of thymidine residues which means that A=T; and the number of guanosine residues is equal to the number of cytidine residues; G= C. Hence that the sum of the purine residues equals the sum of the pyrimidine residues; i.e., A + G= T + C; this means that purine to pyrimidine (A+G/T+C) or pyrimidine to purine ratio (T+C/A+G) is constant for a species. So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Nucleotides are made up of
    Solution
    Nucleotides are composed of three components: a nitrogenous base( purine or pyrimidine), a pentose sugar and phosphoric acid. Thus option B is the correct answer.

  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The genetic information to the site of translation is carried by nucleic acid
    Solution
    DNA is located in nucleus and protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm. Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) specify the amino acid sequence of one or more polypeptides, thus carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes. Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) read the genetic information present in the form of triplets in the mRNA and transfer the appropriate amino acid from amino acid pool of cytoplasm to a growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are structural constituents of ribosomes that provide the site for proteins synthesis which makes them the most abundant form of RNA. snRNA are part of splicing of hnRNA. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Read the passage and answer the following questions.
    The following data table shows the number of different amino acids in the beta hemoglobin chain of various organisms compared to the human beta chain.
    Organism
    		Name of different amino acids
    Human
    		0
    Mouse
    		27
    Frog
    		68
    Monkey
    		11
    Lamprey
    		125
    Chicken
    		35
    Gibbon
    		2
    Which of the following organisms are closely related to humans, based on hemoglobin amino acid sequence?
    Solution
    According to given data, gibbons have only two different amino acids in their beta globin chain from that of human while mouse, monkey and chickens show 27, 11 and 35 different amino acids. This makes gibbon closely related to human. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    The above molecule indicates

    Solution
    The molecule is dipeptide (protein) wherein two amino acids are joined together by a peptide bond between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of next amino acid. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    The synthesis of above molecule also results in the production of

    Solution
    The molecule is dipeptide (protein) wherein two amino acids are joined together by a peptide bond between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of next amino acid. During peptide bond formation, OH group of carboxyl group and "H" from amino group joins to form water molecule which is then eliminated and bond is established. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Histone proteins are associated with nucleus
    Solution
    The DNA in genes is organized as nucleosomes. Nucleosomes are fundamental organizational units of chromatin which appear as “beads-on-a-string” arrangement. Here, beads represent complexes of histones and DNA. The bead plus linker DNA leads to the next bead and form the nucleosomes. Each bead contains eight histone molecules: two copies each of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. Each bead of nucleosome has 200 bp of DNA which is wound 1.65 times around histone octamer. 
    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    An anticodon region is present in nucleic acid
    Solution
    DNA is a chain of nucleotides. Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) specify the amino acid sequence of one or more polypeptides and base triplets represent codons. Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) read the genetic information present in the form of triplets in the mRNA and transfer the appropriate amino acid from amino acid pool of cytoplasm to a growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis. All tRNAs have about 73 to 93 nucleotides that fold into four base-paired stems and three loops. The anticodon loop has triplet at the tip which base pairs with the corresponding codon in mRNA. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are structural constituents of ribosomes that provide the site for proteins synthesis which makes them the most abundant form of RNA. snRNA are part of splicing of hnRNA. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option E.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    What is transmitted from parent cells to daughter cells during cell division?
    Solution
    • DNA is the heredity material which is being replicated during S phase of cell cycle and is being distributed among the daughter cells during M phase. 
    • Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) specify the amino acid sequence of one or more polypeptides, thus it transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes. 
    • Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) read the genetic information present in form of triplets in the mRNA and transfer the appropriate amino acid from amino acid pool of cytoplasm to a growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis. 
    • Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are structural constituents of ribosomes that provide the site for proteins synthesis which makes them the most abundant form of RNA. RNA polymerase is the enzyme of transcription.

    So, the correct answer is option A.
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