Biomolecules Test - 52

Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a pentose sugar molecule. Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil are bases while ribose and deoxyribose are the pentose sugars. A combination of ribose, thymine and phosphate moiety forms a nucleotide. 

The DNA strand produces mRNA molecule by the process called transcription and the mRNA, in turn, serves as a template for protein's synthesis through translation. So the transcription product responsible for encoding proteins to be translated is mRNA.

The proteins are biomolecules which can act as hormones and enzyme catalysts which can help in catalyzing the chemical reactions. They help in the transport of the molecules and cell membrane trafficking. The proteins are antibodies which can bind to antigens and the foreign materials. The genetic information is carried by the genes in the DNA, and not proteins. 

Messenger RNA is a type of RNA which carries information from the synthesis of protein transcribed from a DNA template. In DNA, there are four different bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and thymine (T). Each base has its complementary base, which means in the double helical structure of DNA, A will have T as its complimentary and similarly G will have C. mRNA is formed as a complementary strand to one of the two strands of the DNA. Three of the four nitrogenous bases that make up RNA — adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G) — are also found in DNA. In RNA, however, a base called uracil (U) replaces thymine (T) as the complementary nucleotide to adenine. This means that during elongation, the presence of adenine in the DNA template strand tells RNA polymerase to attach a uracil in the corresponding area of the growing RNA strand. The mRNA formed will be complimentary to the DNA strand. During transcription RNA polymerase begins moving down the DNA template strand in the 5' to 3' direction, when it does it strings together complementary nucleotides. Because of complementary base- pairing, this action creates a new strand of mRNA that is organized in the 3' to 5' direction. As the RNA polymerase continues down the strand of DNA, more nucleotides are added to the mRNA, thereby forming a progressively longer chain of nucleotides. This process is called elongation. So, the correct answer is option C.

Each tRNA molecule has two distinct ends, one of which binds to a specific amino acid, and the other which binds to the corresponding mRNA codon. During translation, these tRNAs carry amino acids to the ribosome and join with their complementary codons.

 DNA is made up of molecules called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a sugar group, and a nitrogen base. The four types of nitrogen bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). RNA consist of all the nitrogen bases present in DNA except thymine (T) instead it contains uracil (U). Replication is done in DNA and not in RNA. The function of mRNA is to give an instruction that how to connect several amino acids into a peptide chain. Ribose, found in RNA, is a "normal" sugar, with one oxygen atom attached to each carbon atom.

Heritable traits are known to be passed from one generation to the next via DNA, a molecule that encodes genetic information. Others are part of RNA that is the three roles of RNA in protein synthesis. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is translated into protein by the joint action of transfer RNA (tRNA) and the ribosome, which is composed of numerous proteins and two major ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules.