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Biomolecules Test - 66

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Biomolecules Test - 66
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Nitrogen is a component of
    Solution
    Proteins are building blocks of the body. The proteins are made up of amino acids. The amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form a protein.The amino acids consist of amine group made up of nitrogen and hydrogen and the carboxyl group at the end and a side chain of R group which is specific to a particular amino acid. The amine group (NH$$_2$$) is made up of nitrogen and hydrogen.
    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    A dominant intracellular cation is
    Solution
    The concentration of potassium ion is high inside the cell, and sodium ion concentration is high outside the cell, to generate action potential, there is movement of ions against the gradient takes place.
    so the answer is B.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Energy released from enzyme-substrate interaction is
    Solution
    The transition state is the state of the activated complex which is highly unstable and readily changes into the product.  At the transition state, the enzyme attaches to the substrate to form an enzyme-substrate complex by forming a weak chemical bond. Binding energy is the free energy that is released by the formation of weak interactions between a complementary substrate and enzyme.
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    DNA resembles RNA as both have
    Solution
    The sugars which are present in the nucleotide are ribose or deoxyribose. The nitrogenous bases are purines and pyrimidines. The phosphate is present as phosphoric acid. The nucleotide is formed by the union of a phosphate group with a nucleoside. 
    DNA resembles RNA as both have polynucleotide chain. The two nucleotide is linked by the phosphodiester bond. It is formed by the linkage between the 3' carbon atom of one sugar molecule and the 5' carbon atom of another. Two hydroxyls (OH) groups on the phosphate molecule bind to the 3’ and 5’ carbons on two independent pentose sugars to form a bond.
    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Enzymes joining two molecules by establishing covalent bonds are
    Solution
    Ligase is an enzyme which is used to join two molecules by establishing covalent bonds. Two DNA molecules are joined together by phosphodiester bond in presence of DNA ligase. The enzyme cannot be used for the blunt end of the DNA fragments. The nature of the bond is covalent as it involves the exchange of electrons.
    So, the correct answer is option A.

  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    A nitrogenous base not present in RNA is
    Solution
    The nitrogenous bases are purines and pyrimidines. The purines are adenine and guanine. The pyrimidines are thymine and cytosine. In RNA, the thymine is replaced by uracil. It is mainly found in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside uridine.
    So, the correct answer is option B.

  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Insulin produced by $$\beta$$-cells in our body contains ............. amino acids
    Solution
    Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas gland. It is specifically secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas. It consists of two polypeptide chain which is linked by the disulfide bonds. The two polypeptide chains contain 51 amino acid with 21 amino acids in the first chain and 30 amino acids in the second chain. It regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The excess of glucose is converted to glycogen by the insulin. 
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which of these are components of most proteins?
    Solution
    • Proteins are made up of amino acids. The amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form a protein.
    • The amino acids consist of an amine group made up of nitrogen and hydrogen and the carboxyl group at the end and a side chain of R group which is specific to a particular amino acid. Carboxyl is formed by carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen (COOH).
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Major role of minor elements inside living organisms is to act as
    Solution
    Correct option: A
    Explanation:
    • Minor elements are required in small amounts in our body, i.e, less than one milligram.
    • Still, they are essential for the proper growth of organisms.
    • Example- Zn, Cu, etc.
    • Zn is required for the activity of certain enzymes.
    • Cu due to its variable valency take part in redox reactions.
    Hence, the major role of minor elements inside living organisms is to act as "Cofactors of enzymes".
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Major portion of dry weight of a plant consists of elements
    Solution
    Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen together constitute about 94% of the total dry weight of the plant. The four most common elements in living organisms are H, C, O, N. These are also called as frame work element.

    So, the correct answer is 'Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen'.
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