Biomolecules Test

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Biomolecules Test - 77

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Select the correct option:
The sum total composition of acid-soluble and acid-insoluble fraction represents the entire composition of

A
Dead cells

B
Gene pool

C
Cellular pool

D
Gene library

Solution

When the cell is lysed the components are broken down into fractions, the acid soluble and the acid-insoluble pool. All these components are then segregated. These contain all the major and minor elements of the body. So the cell is a big cellular pool of all the components.

So, the correct option is 'Cellular pool'
Question 2
1 / -0

Nucleic acid are

A
Megamolecules

B
Macromolecules

C
Micromolecules

D
Mesomolecules

Solution

A.Correct option - B
B.Explanation for correct option -B
1. Nucleic acids are macromolecules, which means they are molecules composed of many smaller units.
2. These units are called nucleotides.
3. These nucleotides are chemically linked to each other by a phosphodiester linkage to form a strand.
Question 3
1 / -0

It is much easier for a small animal to run uphill than for a large animal, because - ?

A
small animals have lower $$O_2$$ requirement

B
the efficiency of muscles in larger animal is less than in smaller animal

C
it's easier to carry a small body weight

D
smaller animals have higher metabolic rate
Solution
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
The metabolic rate of animals is inversely proportional to the body size of animals.
Larger animals have lower metabolic rate because of which they have less energy, alternatively smaller animals have higher metabolic rate and hence the more energy.
If metabolic rate is high then they will have higher oxygen requirement and it is easy to create small body weight.
Hence, it is much easier for a small animal to run uphill than for a large animal because smaller animals have higher metabolic rate.
Question 4
1 / -0

Which of the following statements is not correct regarding chitin?

A
It is a storage polysaccharide

B
It is a homopolysaccharide

C
It is a constituent of arthropod exoskeleton and fungal cell wall

D
It is the second most abundant carbohydrate on earth

Solution

Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide (after cellulose). Chitin is not a storage polysaccharide rather it is a structural homopolysaccharide which forms the structure component of fungal walls and exoskeleton of artropods. It is an unbranched polysaccharide formed of N- acetylglucosamine (NAG) monomers joined together by $$\beta-1,4$$ linkages.
So, the correct answer is 'It is a storage polysaccharide'.
Question 5
1 / -0

_____is the most abundant protein in animal world and ____is the most abundant protein in the whole biosphere.

A
Collagen, RuBisCO

B
Collagen, keratin

C
Keratin, RuBisCO

D
Keratin, collagen

Solution

Collagen is a protein which is most abundant in the animal world and is a connective tissue and rubisco is an enzyme which is the most abundant protein in the whole biosphere because rubisco is the enzyme which is responsible for the sugar formation during photosynthesis.

So, the correct option is 'Collagen, RuBisCO'
Question 6
1 / -0

Which of the following graphs shows the relationship between the rate of an enzymatic activity and substrate concentration (S)?

A

B

C

D

Solution

Increase in substrate concentration increases the rate of reaction due to two factors : (i) occupation of more and more active sites by the substrate molecules; (ii) higher number of collisions between substrate molecules. The rise in velocity is quite high in the beginning but it decreases progressively, with the increase in substrate concentration. If a graph is plotted, for substrate concentration versus reaction velocity, it appears as a hyperbolic curve. A stage is reached where velocity is maximum. It does not increase further by increasing the substrate concentration. At this stage the enzyme molecule becomes fully saturated and no active site is left free to bind additional substrate molecules.
Question 7
1 / -0

Study the given data and answer the questions that follow.

A sample of an enzyme called lactase was isolated from the intestinal lining of a calf. Assays were undertaken to evaluate the activity of the enzyme sample.
The substrate of lactase is the disaccharide lactose. Lactase breaks a lactose molecule in two, producing a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule. Two assays were carried out.

Assay 1
Lactose concentration
(% w/v) 15 15 15 15 15 15
Concentration of enzyme sample(% v/v)
0 5 10 15 20 25
Reaction rate ($$\mu$$ mole glucose $$sec^{-1} mL^{-1}$$) 0 25 50 75 100 125

Assay 2
Lactose concentration (% w/v) 0 5 15 20 25 30
Concentration of enzyme sample(% v/v)
5
5 5 5 5 5
Reaction rate ($$\mu$$ mole glucose $$sec^{-1} mL^{-1}$$) 0 15 25 35 40 40

Which of the following assays would you expect to have the highest reaction rate?

A
Lactose concentration (% w.v) - 15
Concentration of enzyme sample (%v/v) - 5

B
Lactose concentration (% w.v) - 30
Concentration of enzyme sample (%v/v) - 5

C
Lactose concentration (% w.v) - 15
Concentration of enzyme sample (%v/v) - 25

D
Lactose concentration (% w.v) - 30
Concentration of enzyme sample (%v/v) - 25

Solution

The reaction rate is proportional to the amount of enzyme present at a lactose concentration of 15% w/v. The rate of reaction is proportional with the substrate concentration only to a limit, after which any increase in substrate concentration makes no difference in rate of reaction, the rate of reaction then remains constant.
Thus, the maximum reaction rate is at Lactose concentration - 15% w/v and enzyme sample concentration- 25% v/v.
So, the correct option is (C).
Question 8
1 / -0

What is denoted by X and Y in the given graph?

A
X-Activation energy without enzyme; Y-Activation energy with enzyme.

B
X-Activation energy with enzyme; Y-Activation energy without enzyme.

C
X-Substrate concentration with enzyme; Y- Substrate concentration without enzyme.

D
X-Substrate concentration without enzyme; Y-Substrate concentration with enzyme.

Solution

Most reactions do not start automatically because the reactions have an barrier which may be due to hydrogen bonding, absence of precise collisions due to small reactive site, mutual repulsion etc. External supply of energy needed to overcome this barrier is know as activation energy. The enzyme lowers the activation energy of the reaction and allows a large number of molecules to react at a time.
So, the correct answer is 'X-Activation energy with enzyme; Y-Activation energy without enzyme'.
Question 9
1 / -0

Study the given data and answer the questions that follow.

A sample of an enzyme called lactase was isolated from the intestinal lining of a calf. Assays were undertaken to evaluate the activity of the enzyme sample.
The substrate of lactase is the disaccharide lactose. Lactase breaks a lactose molecule in two, producing a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule. Two assays were carried out.

Assay 1
Lactose concentration
(% w/v) 15 15 15 15 15 15
Concentration of enzyme sample(% v/v)
0 5 10 15 20 25
Reaction rate ($$\mu$$ mole glucose $$sec^{-1} mL^{-1}$$) 0 25 50 75 100 125

Assay 2
Lactose concentration
(% w/v) 0 5 15 20 25 30
Concentration of enzyme sample(% v/v)
5
5 5 5 5 5
Reaction rate ($$\mu$$ mole glucose $$sec^{-1} mL^{-1}$$) 0 15 25 35 40 40

What are the variables in each of the two assays?

A
Assay 1 - Lactose concentration
Assay 2 - Concentration of enzyme sample

B
Assay 1 - Concentration of enzyme sample
Assay 2 - Lactose concentration

C
Assay 1 - Lactose concentration
Assay 2 - Lactose concentration

D
Assay 1 - Concentration of enzyme sample
Assay 2 - Concentration of enzyme sample

Solution

The concentration of enzyme sample changed/increased (varied) in Assay I, resulting in an increased rate of reaction from 0-125. while lactose concentration varied in Assay 2, the rate of reaction increased initially but was stable at lactose concentration 25 and 30.
So, the correct answer is 'Assay 1 - Concentration of enzyme sample
Assay 2 - Lactose concentration'
Question 10
1 / -0

Select the correct option:
Read the given statements.
i. Fructose is the sweetest sugar.
ii. Glycine is the simplest amino acid.
iii. Lactose is a disaccharide composed of one molecule each of glucose and galactose.
iv. Cellulose is an unbranched chain of glucose molecules linked by $$\beta$$1, 4-glycosidic bond.
Which of the given statements are correct?

A
(i) and (ii)

B
(iii) and (iv)

C
(i), (ii) and (iii)

D
(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)

Solution

Carbohydrate, on the basis of the number of molecules present, is divided into monosaccharides, disaccharide and polysaccharides. Fructose is also known as the fruit sugar and is a monosaccharide. It is a 6 carbon molecule. Glycine is the simplest amino acid as it contains hydrogen in the side chain. Lactose is a disaccharide which means it has two molecules of same or different monosaccharide units. Lactose is also known as the milk sugar.
On hydrolysis, lactose produces glucose and galactose.
Cellulose is a polysaccharide and an important constituent of cell wall it is made up of Beta D glucose units linked by 1-4 glycosidic linkage.

So, the correct option is '(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)'

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Lactose concentration (% w/v)	15	15	15	15	15	15
Concentration of enzyme sample(% v/v)	0	5	10	15	20	25
Reaction rate ($$\mu$$ mole glucose $$sec^{-1} mL^{-1}$$)	0	25	50	75	100	125

Lactose concentration (% w/v)	0	5	15	20	25	30
Concentration of enzyme sample(% v/v)	5	5	5	5	5	5
Reaction rate ($$\mu$$ mole glucose $$sec^{-1} mL^{-1}$$)	0	15	25	35	40	40

Biomolecules Test - 77

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Biomolecules Test - 77

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Question 1

Dead cells

Gene pool

Cellular pool

Gene library

Solution

Question 2

Megamolecules

Macromolecules

Micromolecules

Mesomolecules

Solution

Question 3

small animals have lower $$O_2$$ requirement

the efficiency of muscles in larger animal is less than in smaller animal

it's easier to carry a small body weight

smaller animals have higher metabolic rate

Solution

Question 4

It is a storage polysaccharide

It is a homopolysaccharide

It is a constituent of arthropod exoskeleton and fungal cell wall

It is the second most abundant carbohydrate on earth

Solution

Question 5

Collagen, RuBisCO

Collagen, keratin

Keratin, RuBisCO

Keratin, collagen

Solution

Question 6

Solution

Question 7

Lactose concentration (% w.v) - 15Concentration of enzyme sample (%v/v) - 5

Lactose concentration (% w.v) - 30Concentration of enzyme sample (%v/v) - 5

Lactose concentration (% w.v) - 15Concentration of enzyme sample (%v/v) - 25

Lactose concentration (% w.v) - 30Concentration of enzyme sample (%v/v) - 25

Solution

Question 8

X-Activation energy without enzyme; Y-Activation energy with enzyme.

X-Activation energy with enzyme; Y-Activation energy without enzyme.

X-Substrate concentration with enzyme; Y- Substrate concentration without enzyme.

X-Substrate concentration without enzyme; Y-Substrate concentration with enzyme.

Solution

Question 9

Assay 1 - Lactose concentrationAssay 2 - Concentration of enzyme sample

Assay 1 - Concentration of enzyme sampleAssay 2 - Lactose concentration

Assay 1 - Lactose concentrationAssay 2 - Lactose concentration

Assay 1 - Concentration of enzyme sampleAssay 2 - Concentration of enzyme sample

Solution

Question 10

(i) and (ii)

(iii) and (iv)

(i), (ii) and (iii)

(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)

Solution

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Lactose concentration (% w.v) - 15
Concentration of enzyme sample (%v/v) - 5

Lactose concentration (% w.v) - 30
Concentration of enzyme sample (%v/v) - 5

Lactose concentration (% w.v) - 15
Concentration of enzyme sample (%v/v) - 25

Lactose concentration (% w.v) - 30
Concentration of enzyme sample (%v/v) - 25

Assay 1 - Lactose concentration
Assay 2 - Concentration of enzyme sample

Assay 1 - Concentration of enzyme sample
Assay 2 - Lactose concentration

Assay 1 - Lactose concentration
Assay 2 - Lactose concentration

Assay 1 - Concentration of enzyme sample
Assay 2 - Concentration of enzyme sample