Biomolecules Test

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Biomolecules Test - 90

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

A student tested four unknown solutions of macromolecules with three reagents. She also tested the solubility of the solutions with water, a polar solvent, and hexane, a non-polar solvent. Her results are shown in the table below.
Solution Benedict's Solution Biuret Solution Iodine Iodine Solubility
1
2
3
4 yes
no
no
no no
no
yes
no no
yes
no
no water
water
water
hexane
Which of these correctly identifies the macromolecule found in each solution?

A
Solution 1: protein

Solution 2: starch

Solution 3: monosaccharide

Solution 4: lipid

B
Solution 1: lipid

Solution 2: protein

Solution 3: starch

Solution 4: monosaccharide

C
Solution 1: monosaccharide

Solution 2: protein

Solution 3: lipid

Solution 4: starch

D
Solution 1: starch

Solution 2: monosaccharide

Solution 3: lipid

Solution 4: protein

E
Solution 1:monosaccharide

Solution 2: starch

Solution 3: protein

Solution 4: lipid

Solution

I. Solution 1 is showing solubility in water and positive test for Benedict's solution. This means that it's a carbohydrate i.e. it could be a monosaccharide.
II. Solution 2 is showing solubility in water and positive test for Iodine. This means it's starch.
III. Solution 3 is showing solubility with water and positive test for Biuret solution. This means it's protein.
IV. Solution 4 is showing solubility in hexane, a non polar solvent and no positive test for any of the reagents. This means it's lipid solution.
So, the correct answer is :
Solution 1: monosaccharide
Solution 2: starch
Solution 3: protein
Solution 4: lipid
Question 2
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The activation energy required by the certain biochemical reaction to take place is shown by the given graph. Choose the correct graph, showing the effect of an enzyme on the same biochemical reaction.

A

B

C

D

E

Solution

The energy required for formation of the transition state is termed as activation energy. Enzymes enhance the rate of reaction by lowering down the activation energy of transition state; it does not completely remove the activation energy as in graph C. The peak showing that activation energy is increased in graph B. Energy of products is lesser than that of reactants. Thus, the correct answer is E.
Question 3
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Match the biological molecule listed under column I with their biological function listed under column II. Choose the answer which gives the correct combination of alphabets of the two columns.

Column I
(Biological molecule)
Column II
(Function)
A Glycogen 1 Hormone
B Globulin 2 Biocatalyst
C Steroid 3 Antibody
D Peptidase 4 Storage product

A
A - 3, B - 2, C - 4, D - 1

B
A - 4, B - 2, C - 1, D - 3

C
A - 2, B - 4, C - 3, D - 1

D
A - 4, B - 3, C - 1, D - 2
Solution
- Glycogen is a polysaccharide that serves as a form of stored energy in animals and fungi.
- Antibodies are immunoglobulins or gamma globulins that are large, Y-shaped proteins that are produced by plasma cells in response to antigen.
- Steroid hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex and testes. Steroid hormones are crucial substances for the proper function of the body.
- The biocatalytic proteins are called enzymes.
- Enzymes catalyze biological reactions and are indispensable for the metabolism of living beings.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 4
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The negative effect of excessive heat on enzyme function is that

A
It alters the three-dimensional shape of the enzyme

B
It alters the amino acid sequence of the enzyme

C
It alters the composition of the active site of the enzyme

D
It alters the shape of the substrate molecule

E
It alters the chemical identity of the substrate

Solution

On increasing the temperature, at first the rate of enzyme activity increases. This continues till about 37 degrees. Further increasing the temperature, the enzyme activity slows down and ultimately stops because at high temperatures, the enzyme gets denatured. Enzymes are proteins. At very high temperature, the bonds between amino acids gets broken.This leads to change in the shape of the enzyme.
Question 5
1 / -0

Arrange the following compounds in descending order on the basis of number of carbon atoms present in them.
(A) Palmitic acid (B) Serine (C) Ribose (D) Arachidoric acid (E) Glucose

A
D C A B E

B
B C E A D

C
D A E C B

D
C B A D E
Solution
- Empirical formula of Palmitic acid is C$$_{16}$$H$$_{32}$$O$$_2$$ ( 16 carbon atoms)
- Empirical formula of Serine is C$$_3$$H$$_7$$NO$$_3$$( 3 Carbon atoms)
- Empirical formula of Ribose is C$$_5$$H$$_{10}$$O$$_5$$( 5 Carbon atoms)
- Empirical formula of Arachidonic acid is C$$_{20}$$H$$_{32}$$O$$_2$$ (20 Carbon atoms)
- The empirical formula of Glucose is C$$_6$$H$$_{12}$$O$$_6$$ (6 Carbon atoms)
Thus, the order of these compounds on the basis of a number of carbon atoms in descending order would be Arachidonic acid, Palmitic acid, Glucose, Ribose, and Serine.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 6
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The given graph depicts the free energy change before, during and after a biochemical reaction. The effect of a catalytic enzyme can be described by

A
Energy decreases at point 1

B
Energy increases at point 1

C
Energy decreases at point 2

D
Energy increases at point 2

E
Energy decreases at point 3

Solution

Any chemical reaction includes the formation of transition state between reactant and product. The energy required for formation of the transition state is termed as activation energy and is represented by point 2 in the graph. Enzymes enhance the rate of reaction by lowering down the activation energy of transition state. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 7
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The way enzyme helps a substrate to be attacked by reagent effectively is :

A
enzyme hold the substrate in a suitable position so that it can be attacked by the reagent effectively

B
enzyme hold the reagent in a suitable position so that it can be attacked by the substrate effectively

C
enzyme react with substrate chemically to convert it into the more reactive form

D
none of these

Solution

Enzymes hold the substrate in a suitable position. So that it can be attacked by the reagent effectively.
$$Enzyme + Substrate \longrightarrow Enzyme \ reconfigure \ \longrightarrow Product + unbind \ enzyme$$
Enzyme reconfigure means enzyme changes its shape slightly as substrate binds.
Question 8
1 / -0

The formation of phosphodiester bonds between two nucleotides can be considered as

A
Anabolic

B
Catabolic

C
Anabolic and catabolic

D
None of the above

Solution

The anabolic processes are the reactions in which the smaller molecules come together to form larger complexes. The process is an endergonic process in which the energy is required for the formation of new bonds to form the larger complex molecules. The water molecule is removed and the phosphate group from 5 carbon of one nucleotide forms a bond with 3 carbon of another nucleotide. This reaction is an example of an anabolic process.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 9
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An enzyme which brings about change inside a group without altering the composition is

A
Isomerase.

B
Epimerase.

C
Mutase.

D
Esterase.

Solution

Mutase is an enzyme which catalyzes and transfer of a group from one part of a substrate molecule to another part without changing the composition. Isomerase is an enzyme which catalyzes the substrate into its isomeric form, such as interconversion of aldose into the ketone. Thus, the correct answer is C.
Question 10
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An enzyme which brings about change in side group without altering composition is

A
Isomerase

B
Epimerase

C
Mutase

D
Esterase
Solution
Isomerase is the enzyme that brings about change in the side group by transferring the functional group from one molecule to another. Isomerase catalyze structural rearrangements of a molecule.
Epimerase is an isomerase.
Esterase is a hydrolase that catalyzes hydrolysis of ester bonds.
Mutase is an enzyme which brings about change in side group without altering its composition.
So the correct answer is "Mutase".