The p-Block Elements Test

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The p-Block Elements Test - 1

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Question 1
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White fumes appear around the bottle of anhydrous aluminium chloride.Why?

A
liberation of HCl on reaction with atmospheric moisture

B
Formation of HCl on reaction with atmospheric moisture and then Aluminium dissolves in dilute HCl and liberates dihydrogen

C
Formation of HCl on reaction with atmospheric moisture and then Aluminium reacts with dilute HCl and forms aluminium chloride

D
Formation of dihydrogen on reaction with atmospheric moisture

Solution

Explanation:

White fumes appears because of formation of HCl on reaction with atmospheric moisture.

White fumes appears due to the formation of HCl gas. Anhydrous aluminium chloride is partly hydrolyzed by the moisture in the atmosphere and produces HCl gas. This

HCl further combines with the moisture of the air and appears white fumes.

AlCl₃ +3H₂O --> Al(OH)₃ +3HCl
Question 2
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Aluminium when exposed to air protects itself from further attack by

A
reacting with hydrogen in the air

B
forming a very thin oxide layer on its surface

C
reacting with air and liberating dihydrogen

D
forming aluminium trioxide

Solution

Explanation:

Al forms a thick layer of oxide (Al₂O₃) on its surface which protects it from further attack.
Question 3
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The relative stability of +1 oxidation state progressively increases for heavier elements. Choose one of the following haing most stable +1 oxidation state.

A
Ga

B
Al

C
In

D
Tl

Solution

Explanation:

Due to inert pair effect Tl⁺¹ (G-2) is most stable oxidation state.
Question 4
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Which of the following p-block elements in group 13 could exist in liquid state during summer

A
Gallium

B
Boron

C
Indium

D
Aluminium

Solution

Explanation:

Ga has very low melting point (MP = 29.76^oC), and because of that it can exists in liquid state during summer.
Question 5
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One of the following p-block elements has unusually low melting point

A
aluminium

B
Indium

C
gallium

D
boron

Solution

Explanation:

Ga does not do not follow any of the simple crystal structures. And two nearest Ga atoms are bonded by covalent bond which leads to low melting point.
Question 6
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Boron forms only covalent compounds and not +3 ions because

A
the sum of its first two ionization enthalpies is very high.

B
the sum of its first two ionization enthalpies is very low.

C
the sum of its first three ionization enthalpies is very high.

D
the sum of its first three ionization enthalpies is very low.

Solution

Explanation:

Due to smaller size and high nuclear charge B has very high ionization energy value so does not show +3 oxidation state.

Further according to Fajan's rule, cation with small size and high positive charge leads to covalent bond.
Question 7
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As we move from B to Al in the p-block elements the sum of the first three ionisation enthalpies

A
slightly decreases

B
remains the same

C
considerably decreases

D
increases

Solution

Explanation:

On moving from B to Al size of the atom increases. So ionisation enthalpy decreases. Thus as we move from B to Al in the p-block elements the sum of the first three ionisation enthalpies considerably decreases.
This is the reason aluminium forms Al³⁺ ion.
Question 8
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Inert pair effect of p-block elements is due to the

A
the most unstable valence number of p-block elements

B
Inertness of the inner ns electrons because of ineffective shielding

C
the group oxidation state of p-block elements

D
the most stable valence number of p-block elements

Solution

Explanation:

The inert pair effect is nothing but the extra stability concept. Generally P-block elements shows variable valiancy which is equal to the maximum oxidation (Group oxidation state) state of that group of p-block elements, p block elements may show other oxidation state i.e.+2.

Group oxidation state +4 is obtained when electrons are lost from both ns and np levels,

+2 oxidation state is obtained while only np level electrons are lost due to extra stability and poor shielding of ns electron which are called inert pair. The effect is the inert effect
Question 9
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The sum of the s and p-electrons is called

A
the group oxidation state of p-block elements

B
the most unstable valence number of p-block elements

C
inert pair of p-block elements

D
the most stable valence number of p-block elements

Solution

Explanation:

Group oxidation state is the highest oxidation state exhibited by the elements present in any particular group.
For p block elements it is the sum of the s and p-electrons.
Question 10
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The variation in properties in a group of p-block of elements is due to

A
difference in inner core of the electronic configuration

B
difference in oxidation states

C
difference in electronegativities

D
difference in ionisation enthalpies

Solution

Explanation:

The difference in properties of p block element is because of presence of inner lying d and f electrons which have poor shielding effect.

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The p-Block Elements Test - 1

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Question 1

liberation of HCl on reaction with atmospheric moisture

Formation of HCl on reaction with atmospheric moisture and then Aluminium dissolves in dilute HCl and liberates dihydrogen

Formation of HCl on reaction with atmospheric moisture and then Aluminium reacts with dilute HCl and forms aluminium chloride

Formation of dihydrogen on reaction with atmospheric moisture

Solution

Question 2

reacting with hydrogen in the air

forming a very thin oxide layer on its surface

reacting with air and liberating dihydrogen

forming aluminium trioxide

Solution

Question 3

Ga

Al

In

Tl

Solution

Question 4

Gallium

Boron

Indium

Aluminium

Solution

Question 5

aluminium

Indium

gallium

boron

Solution

Question 6

the sum of its first two ionization enthalpies is very high.

the sum of its first two ionization enthalpies is very low.

the sum of its first three ionization enthalpies is very high.

the sum of its first three ionization enthalpies is very low.

Solution

Question 7

slightly decreases

remains the same

considerably decreases

increases

Solution

Question 8

the most unstable valence number of p-block elements

Inertness of the inner ns electrons because of ineffective shielding

the group oxidation state of p-block elements

the most stable valence number of p-block elements

Solution

Question 9

the group oxidation state of p-block elements

the most unstable valence number of p-block elements

inert pair of p-block elements

the most stable valence number of p-block elements

Solution

Question 10

difference in inner core of the electronic configuration

difference in oxidation states

difference in electronegativities

difference in ionisation enthalpies

Solution

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