Environmental Chemistry Test

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 11

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Question 1
1 / -0

The soil pollutants that affect the food chain and food web, killing microorganisms and plants are

A
Pathogens

B
Chemical fertilisers

C
Agricultural wastes

D
Pesticides

Solution

Pesticides are important pollutants of soil. They include insecticides, fungicides, algicides, rodenticides and weedicides.
Pesticides are generally broad spectrum and function as biocides killing plants and microorganisms.
Organochlorines and chlorinated hydrocarbons are an important class of pesticides. The important ones are dichloro diphenyl trichloro ethane (DDT), Benzene hexachloride (BHC), aldrin, dieldrin and endrin. They are persistent, fat soluble, and show biomagnification and hence, are harmful to higher trophic level of organisms.
Question 2
1 / -0

Which of the following is not a cause of pollution?

A
Afforestation

B
Wars among nations

C
Industrialization

D
Growth of algae in water

Solution

Wars among nations and industrialization release lots of harmful gases into the air which cause air pollution. Growth of algae in water causes the dissolved oxygen levels in water to deplete, resulting in death of aquatic animals due to water pollution. Afforestation does not cause pollution directly.
Question 3
1 / -0

The region in atmosphere containing water vapour is:

A
thermosphere

B
stratosphere

C
troposphere

D
mesosphere

Solution

The troposphere is the lowest region of the atmosphere, i;e., closest to earth's surface. It extends roughly to a height of about 11 km. This is the region of all living organisms including, animals and plants.

About 70% of the total mass of the atmosphere and practically all the water vapours and dust particles are concentrated in this region

Hence, the correct option is $$\text{C}$$
Question 4
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When organic substances undergo anaerobic degradation, the product mainly formed is:

A
$$CO_{2}$$

B
$$H_{2}S$$

C
$$CH_{4}$$

D
$$NO$$

Solution

Anaerobic biodegradation is the process of degrading compounds by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen. In this process, methane forms as the main product.

Hence, correct option is $$(C)$$.
Question 5
1 / -0

Pollution is a change in physical, chemical or biological characters of our land and water that may be:

A
desirable and harmful to humans

B
desirable and useful to humans

C
undesirable and harmful to humans

D
undesirable and useful to humans

Solution

Environmental pollution is defined as the undesirable change in physical, chemical and biological characteristics of our air, land and water. As a result of over-population, rapid industrializations, and other human activities like agriculture and deforestation etc., the earth became loaded with diverse pollutants that were released as by-products.
It is undesirable and harmful to humans.

Hence, option C is correct.
Question 6
1 / -0

The classical smog was first observed in

A
London

B
Tokyo

C
Paris

D
New york

Solution

Smog is the term which is used to describe the combination of the smoke and the fog. Dr. Henry Des Voeux coined the term smog after he studied the fog in London which contains the smoke and dust particles. The presence of the high concentration of the carbon particles was responsible for the black colour of the fog.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 7
1 / -0

The ozone layer in earth's atmosphere is crucial for human survival because it

A
Has ions

B
Reflects radio signals

C
Reflects ultraviolet rays

D
Reflects infrared rays

Solution

An ozone layer, present in the stratosphere, reflects the ultraviolet rays emitted by the sun and thus it prevents us from skin diseases and mutation.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 8
1 / -0

Photochemical smog is also called as

A
Callfomla type smog

B
Tokyo type smog

C
Los Angeles type smog

D
New York type smog

Solution

In Los Angeles, a type of air pollution derived from vehicular emission from internal combustion engines and industrial fumes reacted in the atmosphere with sunlight to form secondary pollutants that combined with the primary emissions to form photochemical smog. Los Angeles was one of the best-known cities suffering from photochemical smog for much of the 20th century to such a great extent that it was sometimes said that Los Angeles was a synonym for smog. Thus correct answer is option C.
Question 9
1 / -0

In which layer, most of the atmospheric air is present?

A
Troposphere

B
Stratosphere

C
Mesosphere

D
Thermosphere

Solution

Fifty percent of the total mass of the atmosphere is located in the lower $$5-6$$ $$km$$ of the troposphere. Nearly all atmospheric water vapour or moisture is found in the troposphere. So, it is the layer where most of the earth's weather takes place.
Question 10
1 / -0

The acid rain is caused when air polluted by large volume of :

A
sulphur dioxide

B
nitrogen dioxide

C
carbon dioxide

D
both A and B

Solution

Acid rain is more properly called acidic deposition, which occurs in both wet and dry forms. Wet deposition usually exists in the form of rain, snow, or sleet but also may occur as fog, dew, or cloud water condensed on plants or the earth's surface. Dry deposition includes solid particles (aerosols) that fall to the earth's surface. Condensation of fog, dew, or cloud water is referred to as occult deposition.
The most common acidic substances are compounds containing hydrogen, sulphates, and nitrates. The chief source of these compounds is the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and petroleum by-products, primarily gasoline.
Hence, acid rain is caused when air polluted by a large volume of sulphur dioxide.

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 11

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 11

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Pathogens

Chemical fertilisers

Agricultural wastes

Pesticides

Solution

Question 2

Afforestation

Wars among nations

Industrialization

Growth of algae in water

Solution

Question 3

thermosphere

stratosphere

troposphere

mesosphere

Solution

Question 4

$$CO_{2}$$

$$H_{2}S$$

$$CH_{4}$$

$$NO$$

Solution

Question 5

desirable and harmful to humans

desirable and useful to humans

undesirable and harmful to humans

undesirable and useful to humans

Solution

Question 6

London

Tokyo

Paris

New york

Solution

Question 7

Has ions

Reflects radio signals

Reflects ultraviolet rays

Reflects infrared rays

Solution

Question 8

Callfomla type smog

Tokyo type smog

Los Angeles type smog

New York type smog

Solution

Question 9

Troposphere

Stratosphere

Mesosphere

Thermosphere

Solution

Question 10

sulphur dioxide

nitrogen dioxide

carbon dioxide

both A and B

Solution

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