Environmental Chemistry Test - 17

Acid rains occur due to oxides of nitrogen and sulphur.

Diethanolamine is an environment-friendly herbicide because it can be easily degraded by biological agents, unlike the options A and B.

Lead poisoning is a type of metal poisoning and a medical condition in humans and other vertebrates caused by increased levels of the heavy metal lead in the body. Lead interferes with a variety of body processes and is toxic to many organs and tissues including the heart, bones, intestines, kidneys, and reproductive and nervous systems.

Below are few properties of acid rain:
1) Acid rains are obtained due to oxides of nitrogen & sulphur.
2) Oxides of nitrogen & sulphur in the atmosphere dissolve in rain water and come down to earth as acid rain. 
3) It may have a pH less than 5.6
4) There is no relation of acid rain with ozone layer.

DDT is toxic to a wide range of living organisms, including marine animals.
DDT is a persistent organic pollutant that is readily adsorbed by soils and sediments, which can act both as sinks and as long-term sources of exposure, contributing to terrestrial organisms. Due to hydrophobic properties, in aquatic ecosystems DDT and its metabolites are absorbed by aquatic organisms and adsorbed on suspended particles, leaving little DDT dissolved in the water itself. Its breakdown products and metabolites, DDE and DDD, are also highly persistent and have similar chemical and physical properties. DDT and its breakdown products are transported from warmer regions of the world to the Arctic by the phenomenon of global distillation, where they then accumulate in the region's food web.

An insecticide is a substance used to kill insects. Weedicides are pesticides that are used to kill weeds. Rodenticides are pesticides that kill rodents. Rodents include not only rats and mice, but also squirrels, woodchucks, chipmunks, porcupines, nutria and beavers. DDT can be used as all of these. The structure of DDT is as given above.

A few key benefits of algae include its use as a:
• Soil Additive
• Health Supplement
• Bioremediation Agent
• Energy Source
Smoke, mist and fumes cause air pollution and are not good for health.

• The geographical location having low temperatures leads to the destruction of ozone present in the stratospheric locations. 
• At these temperatures, clouds form in the lower stratosphere from the water vapour. 
• CFCs allow the chemical reactions inside them to transform compounds derived from halocarbons into active compounds. 
• These processes lead to the rapid destruction of ozone when sunlight returns over the pole. So, the concentration of ozone is less over the north pole and south pole.

• Smog is produced by a set of complex photochemical reactions involving volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides, and sunlight, which form ground-level ozone. 
• Smog-forming pollutants come from many sources such as automobile exhaust, power plants, factories, and many consumer products, including paint, hairspray, charcoal starter fluid, chemical solvents, and even plastic popcorn packaging. 
• Because temperature regulates the length of time it takes for smog to form, smog can occur more quickly and be more severe on a hot, sunny day. 
• When temperature inversions occur (that is, when warm air stays near the ground instead of rising) and the wind is calm, smog may remain trapped over a city for days. 
• As traffic and other sources add more pollutants to the air, the smog gets worse. 

A carbamate is an organic compound derived from carbamic acid ($$NH_2COOH$$). They help to stabilise the protein when it becomes deoxyhemoglobin and increases the likelihood of the release of remaining oxygen molecules bound to the protein.