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Environmental Chemistry Test - 21

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 21
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Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    High emission of which of  the following pollutant can cause acid rains?
    Solution
    Two elements, sulphur and nitrogen, are primarily responsible for the harmful effects of acid rain. Sulfur is found as a trace element in coal and oil. When these are burned in power plants and industrial boilers, the sulphur combines with oxygen to form sulphur dioxide (SO$$_2$$). Because SO$$_2$$ does not react with most chemicals found in the atmosphere, it can travel long distances. Eventually, if it comes in contact with ozone or hydrogen peroxide, it can be converted to sulphur trioxide. Sulphur trioxide can dissolve in water, forming a dilute solution of sulfuric acid.
    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Which of the following term is used for summer fog?
    Solution
    Summer smog is sometimes also known as "photochemical smog."
    Summer smog, is caused by pollutants, mainly ozone, which collect in large cities, especially during the summer. It is formed when heat from the sun causes ozone to build up in the troposphere, by combining nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. At this point, ozone, which is protective in the stratosphere, becomes very harmful to humans.
    Summer smog builds up mainly between April and October. It causes reduced visibility in cities and a visible layer, similar to fog. It also causes a health hazard to people and pollutes the troposphere's air.
  • Question 3
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    Acid rain is the downpour of
    Solution
    When the pH of raindrops down below 5.5 it is called acid rain. It occurs because of oxides of sulphur (SO2) and nitrogen (NO) which on reacting with water in the atmosphere form sulphuric acid and nitric acid. These acids then come down on earth along with rain and thus, making the rain acidic. Hence, acid rain is the downpour of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitric oxide (NO).
    So, the correct answer is 'sulphur dioxide in rain'.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The acid other than sulphuric and nitric acid which may be present in acid rain are
    Solution
    Rain water is acidic in nature. The acidity of rain water is due to presence of carbon dioxide produced from decomposition, nitric oxide produced from electric discharge and sulfur dioxide produced from volcanic gases. Acid rain results when sulfur dioxide produced from fossil fuel combustion and nitrogen oxides produced from internal combustion are added into the atmosphere. These gases then react with water, oxygen and other chemicals and form sulfuric and nitric acids. Apart from these two main acids, carbonic acid is also present in acid rain which is formed by reaction of carbon dioxide with water.
    Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Diseases caused due to raw or untreated sewage is
    Solution
    Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani which are found in soil, dust, sewage and animal faeces. Hepatitis is caused by three viruses hepatitis A, B and C. These viruses are prevalent in human faeces and contaminated water. Dysentery is caused by an amoeba entamoeba histolytica. It is found in contaminated food and water. So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    Select the correct answer from A, B, C, D, E and F for the statement given below.

    A: Carbon monoxide 
    B: Water vapor 
    C: Sulphur dioxide 
    D: Nitrogen 
    E: Oxygen 
    F: None of the above

    ...view full instructions

    A gaseous pollutant which dissolves in rainwater resulting in the formation of acid rain.
    Solution

    Sulphur dioxide react with water to form sulphurous acid while sulphur trioxide reacts with water to form sulphuric acid. 

    $$S+O_2\rightarrow SO_2$$

    $$SO_2+\dfrac{1}{2}O_2 +H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4$$

    Oxides of sulphur coming from exhaust fumes react with rain water forming sulphuric acid which causes acidic rain. It is highly corrosive in nature causing yellowing of marble.

    Option C is correct.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is a biodegradable pollutant ?
    Solution
    Waste water is generally known as sewage and it is a biodegradable pollutant. 
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which of the following are responsible for causing acid-rain?
    Solution
    Acid rain caused by emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with water molecules in the  atmosphere to produce corresponding acids.

    Oxides of sulphur + water $$\rightarrow$$ Sulphuric acid

    Oxides of Nitrogen + water $$\rightarrow$$ Nitric acid

    Option D is correct.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Ozone depletion is occurring due to 
    Solution
    Ozone is the protective layer present in the stratosphere. The harmful ultraviolet radiation is absorbed by the ozone layer. They are carried high into the stratosphere by wind action. Depletion begins when CFC’s get into the stratosphere. Ultraviolet radiation from the sun breaks up these CFCs. The breaking up action releases chlorine atoms. Chlorine atoms react with ozone, starting a chemical cycle that destroys the good ozone in that area. It is not depleted by PCB, carbon monoxides, and PAN. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The ozone layer  'ozonosphere' occurs in
    Solution
    An atmosphere is composed of various amount of gases which are distributed at different concentration at different heights. This lead to creation zones in the atmosphere which is also known as atmospheric layers. The ozone layer is a region of naturally occurring ozone gas present in the stratosphere. It is found in the lower portion of stratosphere present between 26-30kms above Earth. 
    It serves as a shield from the harmful ultraviolet B radiation emitted by the sun. However, there is a main concern around the globe nowadays because of depletion of the ozone layer which allows the UV radiations to reach the Earth causing major effects like skin cancer, reduction in the rate of photosynthesis. Hence option C is correct. 
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