Environmental Chemistry Test

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 26

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Ozone higher up in the atmosphere acts as a shield to prevent UV rays from reaching the Earth's surface These UV rays are responsible for which of the following diseases?
(i) Skin cancer (ii) Eye damage (iii) Lung cancer
(iv) Damage to immune system (v) Colour blindness

A
(i), (ii) & (iii)

B
(i), (ii), (iv) & (v)

C
(i), (iii), (v)

D
(i), (ii), (iii), (iv) & (v)

Solution

The disease cause by UV rays are
1. Skin cancer
2. Eye damage
3. Damage to immune system
4. Colour blindness
Question 2
1 / -0

Which of the following does not contribute to acid rain?

A
Nitrogen monoxide

B
Sulphur dioxide

C
Carbon monoxide

D
Carbon dioxide

Solution

Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce sulphurous acid, carbonic acid and nitric acid respectively.

Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic and it possesses higher levels of hydrogen ions (low pH).

Option C is correct.
Question 3
1 / -0

Peak concentration of ozone occurs in the atmosphere above a height of

A
10 km

B
15 km

C
17 km

D
25 km

Solution

The stratosphere, of the atmosphere, contains the ozone. It protects us from harmful ultraviolet radiations. It is the layer which that extends approximately 50 km (about 30 miles) above earth's surface. Peak concentrations of ozone are found at altitudes from 20 to 25 km. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 4
1 / -0

Air pollutants causing photochemical oxidant production include

A
Nitrous oxide, nitric acid fumes, nitric oxide

B
Ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate, aldehydes

C
Oxygen, chlorine, fuming nitric acid

D
Sulphur dioxide

Solution

The photochemical smog is formed by the reaction of solar radiation with airborne pollutants like nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. These compounds are called primary pollutants. Ultraviolet light can split nitrogen dioxide into nitric oxide and monatomic oxygen; this monatomic oxygen can then react with oxygen gas to form ozone. Products like ozone, aldehydes, and peroxyacetyl nitrates are called secondary pollutants. The mixture of these primary and secondary pollutants forms photochemical smog.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
Question 5
1 / -0

Acid rain produced when rain mixes with gases such as sulphur dioxides. This will eventually result in:

A
lowering of pH and change of temperature in ponds

B
raising of pH in ponds, encouraging growth of microorganisms

C
lowering of pH in ponds, limiting survival of aquatic organism

D
raising of pH in ponds, limiting development of organisms

Solution

Acid rain flows into streams, lakes, and marshes after falling on forests, fields, buildings, and roads. Acid rain also falls directly on aquatic habitats. Most lakes and streams have a pH between 6 and 8, although some lakes are naturally acidic even without the effects of acid rain.

Acid rain primarily affects sensitive bodies of water, which are located in watersheds. Lakes and streams become acidic (i.e., the pH value goes down) when the water itself and its surrounding soil cannot buffer the acid rain enough to neutralize it.

Acid rain causes a cascade of effects that harm or kill individual fish, reduce fish population numbers, completely eliminate fish species from a waterbody, and decrease biodiversity.

Hence, option $$C$$ is correct.
Question 6
1 / -0

Which of the following is an example of freon ?

A
$$CCl_2F_2$$

B
$$CCl_4$$

C
$$CHCl_2$$

D
$$CH_2Cl$$

Solution

$$CCl_{2}F_{2}$$ is an example of freon. It can act as an aerosol propellant, refrigerant, or organic solvent because it is a gas at room temperature and a liquid when cooled or compressed.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 7
1 / -0

Acid precipitation is now regarded as a serious problem in some European and Asian countries. Its major cause or source is:

A
the discharge of acidic effluents onto neutral or slightly alkaline land where the acidic components precipitate.

B
emission of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides from thermal power plants and burning of fossil fuels. These oxides dissolve in atmospheric water vapor and fall back on earth as acid rain.

C
natural carbon dioxide released during respiration of living organisms dissolves in water, forming carbonic acid which is the chief contributor to acidity in rainwater.

D
none of the above

Solution

Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it possesses elevated levels of hydrogen ions or low pH. it can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure. It is a result of air pollution. When oxides of sulfur or nitrogen react with water sulfuric acid or nitric acid is formed.
Question 8
1 / -0

Photochemical smog brings about.

A
Floral bud shedding

B
Bleaching and blazing of foliage

C
Discoloration of petals

D
Defoliation

Solution

Smog is the combination of the fog with the carbon particles of the smoke. The photochemical smog refers to the smog which contains a high concentration of NO$$_x$$, ozone and other volatile compounds. The photochemical smog contains highly reactive species like NO$$_x$$ and ozone which can produce oxygen radicals on reaction with sunlight. This cause destruction of the chlorophyll pigments, blazing and bleaching of the leaves and other parts of the plants.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 9
1 / -0

If fertilisers are added to fresh water then

A
Plants will die

B
Overall animal population will increase

C
Eutrophication will occur

D
Fish population will decrease

Solution

The streams draining the fertilisers into the lake introduce nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, which encourage the growth of algae. As the lake's fertility increases, algal bloom occurs. Algal bloom causes the deterioration of water quality and dead remains begin to be deposited on the lake bottom. After the death of such organisms, the bacterial degradation of their biomass consumes the oxygen in the water, thereby creating the state of hypoxia (deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching tissue) that leads to the death of aquatic plants and animals like fishes.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 10
1 / -0

Ozone layer is disturbed by

A
Large number of factories

B
Supersonic jets

C
Large number of automobiles

D
None of these
Solution
Ozone is a form of a blanket covering the upper atmosphere which protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet rays. Because of ozone depletion, these rays can now reach the earth through hole which was previously protected by ozone blanket. The various causes of ozone depletion are as follows:
Huge combustion of fossil fuel and organic matter.
Excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers.
supersonic rockets and space shutters.
Nuclear test.
Excessive use of chlorofluorocarbons.
So, the correct answer is option B.

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 26

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 26

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

(i), (ii) & (iii)

(i), (ii), (iv) & (v)

(i), (iii), (v)

(i), (ii), (iii), (iv) & (v)

Solution

Question 2

Nitrogen monoxide

Sulphur dioxide

Carbon monoxide

Carbon dioxide

Solution

Question 3

10 km

15 km

17 km

25 km

Solution

Question 4

Nitrous oxide, nitric acid fumes, nitric oxide

Ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate, aldehydes

Oxygen, chlorine, fuming nitric acid

Sulphur dioxide

Solution

Question 5

lowering of pH and change of temperature in ponds

raising of pH in ponds, encouraging growth of microorganisms

lowering of pH in ponds, limiting survival of aquatic organism

raising of pH in ponds, limiting development of organisms

Solution

Question 6

$$CCl_2F_2$$

$$CCl_4$$

$$CHCl_2$$

$$CH_2Cl$$

Solution

Question 7

the discharge of acidic effluents onto neutral or slightly alkaline land where the acidic components precipitate.

emission of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides from thermal power plants and burning of fossil fuels. These oxides dissolve in atmospheric water vapor and fall back on earth as acid rain.

natural carbon dioxide released during respiration of living organisms dissolves in water, forming carbonic acid which is the chief contributor to acidity in rainwater.

none of the above

Solution

Question 8

Floral bud shedding

Bleaching and blazing of foliage

Discoloration of petals

Defoliation

Solution

Question 9

Plants will die

Overall animal population will increase

Eutrophication will occur

Fish population will decrease

Solution

Question 10

Large number of factories

Supersonic jets

Large number of automobiles

None of these

Solution

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