Environmental Chemistry Test - 53

A. Coal is mined from the earth in the form of brownish black sedimentary rocks. 

B. Natural gas is extracted from deep earth reservoirs when crude oil is extracted.

C. Petroleum is extracted from the earth as a liquid in the form of crude oil and is foul smelling.

D. Iron core is extracted from the core of earth in the form of mineral rocks from which metallic iron is extracted.

So, the correct answer is 'Petroleum'.

If chemical fertilizers are used for a long time, the soil gradually loses its fertility.

This is because the microorganisms present in the soil that process organic nutrients are killed due to excessive use of fertilizers. This increases the salinity of the soil while decreasing its fertility 

So, the correct answer is 'soil fertility is damaged'

Sulphur present in any fuel combines with oxygen and forms $$SO_2$$ in the combustion chamber. $$SO_2$$ when emitted into the atmosphere, it oxidizes to form $$SO_3$$. It is soluble in water in the clouds and forms $$H_2SO_4$$ (Sulphuric acid).

$$S+O_2 \rightarrow SO_2 +\dfrac {1}{2} O_2 \longrightarrow SO_3+H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4$$

Most of the $$NO_x$$ emitted in the form in the forms of $$NO$$.

This $$NO$$ oxidised in the atmosphere to form $$NO_2$$.

$$NO_2$$ is soluble in water and form $$HNO_3$$ (Nitric Acid).

$$NO+\dfrac {1}{2}O_2\rightarrow NO_2+H_2O\rightarrow HNO_3$$ 

                       

Carbon divide reacts with water to form carbonic acid. Carbonic acid then dissociates to give the hydrogen ion $$(H^+)$$ and the hydrogen carbonate ion $$(HCO_3^-)$$. The ability of $$H_2CO_3$$ to deliver $$H^+$$ classifies this molecule as acid.

$$CO_2 +H_2O\longrightarrow H_2CO_3$$

$$H_2CO_3 \longrightarrow H^++HCO_3^-$$

For $$O_3$$,

$$O_3+$$Ultraviolet $$\rightarrow O+O_2$$

$$O+O_3\rightarrow 2O_2$$

Net Reaction: $$2O_3+ UV\rightarrow 3O_2$$

It does from any acidic component therefore $$O_3$$ will not cause acid rain.

These all gases are atmospheric pollutants as all lead to air pollution.

coz  of

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide are important ambient air pollutants. High-intensity, confined space exposure to NO2 has caused catastrophic injury to humans, including death. Ambient NO2 exposure may increase the risk of respiratory tract infections through the pollutant's interaction with the immune system. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) contributes to respiratory symptoms in both healthy patients and those with underlying pulmonary disease. Controlled human exposure studies have demonstrated that experimental SO2 exposure causes changes in airway physiology, including increased airways resistance. Both acute and chronic exposure to carbon monoxide are associated with increased risk for adverse cardiopulmonary events, including death. However, studies have not demonstrated a clear dose-dependent health risk response to increasing amounts of these pollutants except at high concentrations. In addition, a number of studies examining the effects of ambient level exposure to NO2, SO2, and CO have failed to find associations with adverse health outcomes.