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Environmental Chemistry Test - 58

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 58
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Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    What is an agent orange?
    Solution
    Agent orange refers generally to all the phenoxy weedicide sprayed that contain dioxin. Dioxin is a toxic substance causing cancer and genetic damage. It is so called from the colour of the identifying strip in which it was stored.
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Which disease in children is caused by intensive use of nitrate fertilizer?
    Solution

  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    The production of dihydrogen gas via water gas shift reaction,
     
    $$CO(g) + H_2O (g) \xrightarrow {\Delta/Catalyst} CO_2(g) + H_2(g).$$

    The $$CO_2$$ gas is removed by scrubbing with solution of:
    Solution

    The water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) describes  the reaction of carbon monoxide and water vapour to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen (the mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is known as water gas)

    $$CO(g) + H_2O (g) \xrightarrow {\Delta/FeCrO_4} CO_2(g) + H_2(g).$$

    The carbondioxide obtained in the above reaction is removed by scrubbing with solution of sodium arsenite.

  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    In insect ecdysone takes part in?
    Solution

  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    The chief constituent of photochemical smog in metropolitan areas is
    Solution
    Photochemical smog is injurious to health. The increase in air pollutants accentuates its formation. It is formed when solar radiation interacts with airborne pollutants like nitrogen oxides, or NOx, which are emitted by combustion engines in automobiles. Another pollutants are the volatile organic compounds, or VOCs, which are produced in many manufacturing processes. Nitrogen oxides and VOCs are primary pollutants. 
    The sun's ultraviolet light breaks down nitrogen dioxide to form nitrogen oxide and monatomic oxygen. The monatomic oxygen then combines with the oxygen already present in the atmosphere to form ozone. Chemicals, such as ozone, that result from these types of reactions are called secondary pollutants. Photochemical smog is visible mixture of secondary and primary pollutants, even though many of the individual components are invisible.
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    The common refrigerant chlorofluoro-methane (freon) and NO$$_2$$ is a serious pollutant because 
    Solution
    Pollution leads to the addition of harmful components in the environment which adversely affect the quality of the environment. Ultraviolet radiations are highly energetic radiations which may cause harmful mutagenic changes. The stratosphere present in the atmosphere contains ozone layer which absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation and protects us from several chronic diseases.  There should be a balance between production and degradation of ozone in the stratosphere. The balance has been disrupted due to the enhancement of ozone degradation by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CFCs are used as refrigerants. CFCs discharged in the lower part of atmosphere move upward and reach the stratosphere. In the stratosphere, UV rays act on them releasing Cl atoms. Cl degrades ozone releasing molecular oxygen. Cl atoms are not consumed in the reaction. Hence, whatever CFCs are added to the stratosphere, they have permanent and continuing effects on the ozone layer.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    The molecular action of ultra violet light is mainly reflected through
    Solution
    UV rays are highly injurious to living organisms since DNA and proteins of living organisms preferentially absorb UV rays, and its high energy breaks the chemical bonds of hydrogen within these molecules. UV-B damages DNA and mutation may occur. It causes ageing of the skin, damage to skin cells and various types of skin cancers.
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Air pollution causing photochemical oxidant production includes
    Solution
    Pollution is defined as addition of harmful components in the environment which alters the composition of an environment. The harmful component is known as pollutant. Photochemical smog can have an effect on the environment, on peoples health and even on various materials. The main visible effect is the brown haze that can be seen above many cities. The brown tinge is caused by very small liquid and solid particles scattering the light. Chemicals such as nitrogen oxides, ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) can have harmful effects on plants. These substances can reduce or even stop growth in plants by reducing photosynthesis. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The acid rain destroys vegetation because it contains 
    Solution
    Acid rain is a formed due to the mixing of oxides of several harmful gases with the rain. Acid rain formation result from both natural sources, such as volcanoes and decaying vegetation, and man-made sources, primarily emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides resulting from fossil fuel combustion. These gases react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form various acidic compounds. 
    When this rain falls on the soil, the soil becomes acidic. Also, the leaves get destroyed and germinating seeds get corroded. Plants experience stunted growth. Thus, vegetation is destroyed.
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    SO$$_2$$ of the atmosphere combines with water to form H$$_2$$SO$$_4$$. When this reaches the soil
    Solution
    Acid rain is a mixture of wet and dry deposition from the atmosphere containing higher than normal amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids. 
    Acid rain formation result from both natural sources, such as volcanoes and decaying vegetation, and man-made sources, primarily emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides resulting from fossil fuel combustion. These gases react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form various acidic compounds. 
    When this rain falls on the soil, the soil becomes acidic. Also, the leaves get destroyed and germinating seeds get corroded. Plants experience stunted growth. Thus, vegetation is destroyed.
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