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Environmental Chemistry Test - 59

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 59
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following is an environment related disorder with the correct main cause? 
    Solution
    Methaemoglobinemia is characterized by reduced ability of the blood to carry oxygen because of reduced levels of normal haemoglobin. In the body nitrates are converted to nitrites. The nitrites react with haemoglobin in the red blood cells to form methaemoglobin. Infants are most often affected, and show signs of blueness around the mouth, hands, and feet, hence the common name blue baby syndrome. These children may also have trouble breathing as well as vomiting and diarrhoea. 
    Coal workers' pneumoconiosis, also known as black lung disease is caused by long exposure to coal dust. It is a common in coal miners and others who work with coal. 
    Pesticide exposure may be a risk factor for non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Substantial exposure to organophosphate pesticides (e.g., diazinon, parathion) doubles the risk of non-Hodgkins lymphoma. 
    Skin cancer occurs mainly in people exposed to UV B radiation.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Photochemical smog formed in congested metropolitan cities mainly consists of 
    Solution
    • The chemicals in photochemical smog include nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone, and PAN (peroxyacetyl nitrate). Nitrogen oxides mostly come from the engines of cars and trucks. VOCs are given off by paint, gasoline, and pesticides. Ozone is a form of oxygen that is harmful. PAN is a type of pollution that is made by chemical reactions between other kinds of pollution. 
    • Photochemical smog is a condition that develops when oxides of nitrogen and volatile organic compounds react in the presence of sunlight to produce a mixture of hazardous chemicals known as secondary pollutants. The mixture of these primary and secondary pollutants forms photochemical smog. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Chlorofluorocarbons are not recommended to be used in refrigerators, because they
    Solution
    Ozone gas can be traced in the stratosphere where they absorb the harmful ultraviolet radiation. The ozone layer is depleted due to the enhancement of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CFCs find wide use as refrigerants. CFCs discharged in the lower part of atmosphere move upward and reach the stratosphere. In the stratosphere, UV rays act on them releasing Cl atoms. Cl degrades ozone releasing molecular oxygen. Cl atoms are not consumed in the reaction. 
    Hence, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which among the following are the consequences of ozone depletion?
    Solution
    Ozone depletion in the stratosphere has resulted in formation of a large area of thinned ozone layer, commonly called as the ozone hole. UV radiation of wavelengths shorter than UV-B, are almost completely absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, given that the ozone layer is intact. But, UV-B damages DNA and mutation may occur. It causes aging of skin, damage to skin cells and various types of skin cancers. In human eye, cornea absorbs UV-B radiation, and a high dose of UV-B causes inflammation of cornea, called as snow-blindness, cataract, etc. Such exposure may permanently damage the cornea. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    The 'blue baby' syndrome is related to 
    Solution
    A blue baby syndrome is caused by methemoglobinemia. It is caused by nitrate contamination in groundwater resulting in decreased oxygen carrying capacity of haemoglobin in babies leading to death. It begins when large amounts of nitrates in water are ingested by an infant and converted to nitrite by the digestive system. The nitrite then reacts with oxyhaemoglobin to form methemoglobin, which cannot carry oxygen.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which of the following group of gases cause photochemical smog? 
    Solution
    The photochemical smog can act as a pollution indicator. It is formed by the action of solar radiation with airborne pollutants like nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. Primary pollutants are often introduced into the atmosphere through automobile emissions and industrial processes. Ultraviolet light can split nitrogen dioxide into nitric oxide and monatomic oxygen; this monatomic oxygen can then react with oxygen gas to form ozone. Products like ozone, aldehydes, and peroxyacetyl nitrates are called as secondary pollutants. The mixture of these primary and secondary pollutants forms photochemical smog. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Nitrogen oxides produced from the emission of automobiles and power plants, are the source of fine air borne particles, which lead to
    Solution
    The chemicals in photochemical smog include nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone, and PAN (peroxyacetyl nitrate). Nitrogen oxides mostly come from the engines of cars and trucks. VOCs are given off by paint, gasoline, and pesticides. Ozone is a form of oxygen that is harmful. PAN is a type of pollution that is made by chemical reactions between other kinds of pollution. 
    Photochemical smog is a condition that develops when oxides of nitrogen and volatile organic compounds reacts in the presence of sunlight to produce a mixture of hazardous chemicals known as secondary pollutants (photochemical smog).
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    The basic component of the smog may be 
    Solution
    • Smog is a type of severe air pollution. 
    • The pollutants in photochemical smog are formed in a complex process that begins with the emission of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from automobile tailpipes.
    •  These combine with both moisture in the air and oxygen to form ozone, and further reactions produce a variety of organic gases, including peroxyacetyl nitrates (PANs), which cause severe eye irritation in high concentrations.
    • Hence, The basic component of the smog may be PAN, Ozone and PBN.
    •  So, the correct answer is 'all of the above'.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following is responsible for causing skin cancer and mutation? 
    Solution
    Ozone depletion in the stratosphere has resulted in the formation of a large area of thinned ozone layer, commonly called as the ozone hole. UV radiation of wavelengths shorter than UV-B is almost completely absorbed by earth atmosphere, given that the ozone layer is intact. But, UV-B damages DNA and mutation may occur. It causes ageing of the skin, damage to skin cells and various types of skin cancers. In the human eye, cornea absorbs UV-B radiation, and a high dose of UV-B causes inflammation of the cornea called as snow-blindness, cataract, etc. Such exposure may permanently damage the cornea. 
    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Photochemical smog pollution does not contain _______.
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