Environmental Chemistry Test

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 61

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Question 1
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Air pollution causing photochemical oxidants production include:

A
Carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide

B
Nitrous oxide, nitric acid fumes, nitric oxide

C
Ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate, aldehydes

D
Oxygen, chlorine, fuming nitric acid
Question 2
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Acid present in rain easily reacts with---------- (marble).

A
Calcium carbonate

B
Potassium chloride

C
Silver nitrate

D
Sodium carbonate
Question 3
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What compounds are identified as contributing to acid rain?

A
Carbon dioxide

B
Sulphur and nitrogen oxides

C
Mercury oxides

D
Phosphates

Solution

Acid rain is a rain that is usually acidic (elevated levels of hydrogen ions) or low pH. It can have harmful effects on plants and aquatic animals. Acid rain is caused by emission of sulphur dioxides and nitrogen oxides which react with water molecule in the atmosphere to produce acids.
Question 4
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The presence of which of the following pollutants in the atmosphere has caused damage to Taj Mahal?

A
$${CO_2}$$

B
$${SO_2}$$

C
Pb particles

D
Radioactive disintegrations
Question 5
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The gas that causes the depletion of the ozone layer thereby allowing more UV radiations to reach the Earth is

A
Carbon dioxide

B
Chlorofluorocarbon

C
Oxygen

D
Nitrous oxide

Solution
Question 6
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Which one of the following is the chief ozone-depleting substance used in refrigerators and air conditioners as coolant?

A
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

B
Carbon tetrachloride

C
Methyl chloroform

D
Methyl bromide
Question 7
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Which one causes photochemical smog?

A
$$O_3$$, PAN and $$NO_2$$

B
$$O_3$$, PAN and $$CO$$

C
HCN, NO and PAN

D
$$O_2$$, PAN and $$NO_2$$

Solution

When the solar radiation reacts with airborne pollutants like nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, the product compounds called as primary pollutants, are often introduced into the atmosphere through automobile emissions and industrial processes. Ultraviolet light can split nitrogen dioxide into nitric oxide and monatomic oxygen, this monatomic oxygen reacts with oxygen gas to form ozone. Products like ozone, aldehydes, and peroxyacetyl nitrates are called as secondary pollutants. The mixture of these primary and secondary pollutants forms photochemical smog. Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 8
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The main problem caused by the use of pesticides is

A
Their residues persist in water and other components of the environment.

B
Mosquitoes have become resistant to DDT.

C
They kill silk worm.

D
They deform the gills of some fishes.

Solution

Although there are benefits to the use of pesticides, there have also been many problems associated with their use. When pesticides are used, they do not always stay in the location where they are applied. They are mobile in the environment and often move through water, air and soil. The problem with pesticide mobility is that when they travel, the pesticides come in contact with other organisms and can cause harm.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
Question 9
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Ozone protects biosphere from high energy

A
Infra-red rays

B
Ultraviolet rays

C
X - rays

D
Gamma rays

Solution

The ozone layer is mainly found in the stratosphere. Ozone layer acts as a shield that absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun. UV rays are highly injurious to living organisms since DNA and proteins of living organisms preferentially absorb UV rays, and its high energy breaks the chemical bonds within these molecules. UV-B damages DNA and mutation may occur. It causes aging of the skin, damage to skin cells and various types of skin cancers.
Question 10
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Which one of the following is an environment related disorder with correct main cause?

A
Black lung disease is found mainly in workers of stone quarries and crushers.

B
Blue-baby disease is due to heavy use of nitrogeneous fertilizers.

C
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is found mainly in worker involved in manufacture of neem-based pesticides.

D
Skin cancer occurs mainly in people exposed to benzene and methane.

Solution

Pollution of groundwater from fertilizer N is caused by leaching. Two main alleged health hazards are blue baby disease of young babies and cancer due to nitrate ingestion in food and water. The nitrate is converted into nitrite in the intestine and then absorbed in the bloodstream. Young babies cannot detoxify this nitrite, which combine with haemoglobin to form inactive form methaemoglobin thus reducing the capacity of blood to carry oxygen. When the conversion of nitrate to nitrite exceeds 10%, blood is incapable of carrying oxygen and clinical symptoms such as gray or blue skin develop known as methaemoglobinaemia or blue baby syndrome. Coal workers' pneumoconiosis also known as black lung disease is caused by long exposure to coal dust. Skin cancer occurs mainly in people exposed to UV B radiation. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is found mainly in worker involved in manufacture of organophosphates pesticides or phenoxy herbicides.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 61

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 61

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide

Nitrous oxide, nitric acid fumes, nitric oxide

Ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate, aldehydes

Oxygen, chlorine, fuming nitric acid

Question 2

Calcium carbonate

Potassium chloride

Silver nitrate

Sodium carbonate

Question 3

Carbon dioxide

Sulphur and nitrogen oxides

Mercury oxides

Phosphates

Solution

Question 4

$${CO_2}$$

$${SO_2}$$

Pb particles

Radioactive disintegrations

Question 5

Carbon dioxide

Chlorofluorocarbon

Oxygen

Nitrous oxide

Solution

Question 6

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Carbon tetrachloride

Methyl chloroform

Methyl bromide

Question 7

$$O_3$$, PAN and $$NO_2$$

$$O_3$$, PAN and $$CO$$

HCN, NO and PAN

$$O_2$$, PAN and $$NO_2$$

Solution

Question 8

Their residues persist in water and other components of the environment.

Mosquitoes have become resistant to DDT.

They kill silk worm.

They deform the gills of some fishes.

Solution

Question 9

Infra-red rays

Ultraviolet rays

X - rays

Gamma rays

Solution

Question 10

Black lung disease is found mainly in workers of stone quarries and crushers.

Blue-baby disease is due to heavy use of nitrogeneous fertilizers.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is found mainly in worker involved in manufacture of neem-based pesticides.

Skin cancer occurs mainly in people exposed to benzene and methane.

Solution

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