Environmental Chemistry Test

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 62

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Photochemical smog does not contain

A
PAN

B
Ozone

C
Nitrogen dioxide

D
$$CO_2$$

Solution

Photochemical smog is a type of air pollution formed through solar radiation reacting with airborne pollutants, like nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. This type of air pollution is formed through the reaction of solar radiation with airborne pollutants like nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. These compounds, which are called primary pollutants, are often introduced into the atmosphere through automobile emissions and industrial processes. Ultraviolet light can split nitrogen dioxide into nitric oxide and monatomic oxygen, this monatomic oxygen can then react with oxygen gas to form ozone. Products like ozone, aldehydes and peroxyacetyl nitrates are called secondary pollutants. The mixture of these primary and secondary pollutants forms photochemical smog.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
Question 2
1 / -0

Acid rain is caused due to an increase in concentration of ...... in the atmosphere.

A
$$SO_2$$ and $$NO_2$$

B
$$CO$$ and $$CO_2$$

C
$$CO$$ and $$SO_3$$

D
$$O_2$$ and dust
Question 3
1 / -0

Chlorofluorocarbon releases a chemical harmful to ozone

A
Fluorine

B
Sulphur dioxide

C
Nitrogen peroxide

D
Chlorine

Solution

Ozone gas is a layer which is present in the stratosphere and absorbs the harmful ultraviolet radiation. The ozone depletion takes due to the excessive emission of (CFCs). CFC find wide use as refrigerants. CFCs discharged in the lower part of atmosphere move upward and reach stratosphere. In stratosphere, UV rays act on them releasing Cl atoms. Cl degrades ozone releasing molecular oxygen, with these atoms acting merely as catalysts; Cl atoms are not consumed in the reaction. Hence, whatever CFCs are added to the stratosphere, they have permanent and continuing affects on ozone levels. This has resulted in formation of a large area of thinned ozone layer, commonly called as the ozone hole.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
Question 4
1 / -0

Ozone hole enhances

A
UV radiations reaching earth

B
Number of cataracts

C
Skin cancers

D
All of the above

Solution

The ozone layer is mainly found in the stratosphere. Ozone layer acts as a shield that absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Due to ozone depletion by the presence of CFC gas the UV rays reaching the earth and causing harmful effects. UV rays are highly injurious to living organisms since DNA and proteins of living organisms preferentially absorb UV rays and its high energy breaks the chemical bonds within these molecules. UV-B damages DNA and mutation may occur. It causes aging of the skin, damage to skin cells and various types of skin cancers. In the human eye, cornea absorbs UV-B radiation, and a high dose of UV-B causes inflammation of the cornea, called as snow-blindness, cataract, etc. Such exposure may permanently damage the cornea. Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
Question 5
1 / -0

Eutrophication means __________.

A
excessive richness of nutrients in a water body or lake due to run off

B
decrease in growth of algae

C
increase in fertility of soil

D
all the above
Solution
- Addition of phosphates and nitrates/fertilizers into water leads to nutrient enrichment which is also called as eutrophication.
- This is a kind of water pollution, because excessive nutrients result in growth of plants and algae over water surface which consume oxygen present and obstructs the light from entering the water.
Question 6
1 / -0

Acid rain is caused by an increase in the atmospheric concentration of

A
O$$\displaystyle _{3}$$ and dust.

B
SO$$\displaystyle _{2}$$ and NO$$\displaystyle _{2}$$.

C
SO$$\displaystyle _{3}$$ and CO.

D
CO$$\displaystyle _{2}$$ and CO.

Solution

Acid rain refers to the precipitation with a pH of less than 5. It is a mixture of H$$_{2}$$SO$$_{4}$$ and HNO$$_{3}$$, the ratio of the two acids vary depending on the relative quantities of sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides present in the atmosphere. These oxides are mainly produced by combustion of fossil fuels, smelters, industries, power plants, automobile exhausts etc. SO$$_{2}$$ and NO$$_{2}$$, when present in large quantities dissolved in water vapour form sulphuric acid and nitric acid which dissolve in rain water resulting in acid rain (H$$_{2}$$SO$$_{4}$$) and (HNO$$_{3}$$) which in turn causes great damage to forests and vegetation.
Question 7
1 / -0

Photochemical smog formed in congested metropolitan cities mainly consists of

A
Ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate and $$NO_x$$

B
Smoke, peroxyacetyl nitrate and $$SO_2$$

C
Hydrocarbons, $$SO_2$$ and $$CO_2$$

D
Hydrocarbons, Ozone and $$SO_x$$

Solution

Photocehmical smog is considered as a secondary air pollutant and is found in traffic congested metropolitan cities. The smog contains ozone (O3), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). It is known as brown air when the solar radiations are intense. It is termed as grey air when the solar radiations prevails and the smog formation is incomplete.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 8
1 / -0

CFCs used in refrigerators cause

A
Water pollution

B
Ozone depletion

C
Acid rain

D
Photochemical smog

Solution

The presence of CFCs in the atmosphere results in the depletion of the ozone layer. They are used as coolants in refrigerators, coolers, etc. The CFCs causes the breaking of the ozone molecule which forms the oxygen radical and O$$_2$$. The depletion of the ozone layer results in the penetration of the harmful UV radiations from the sun into the Earth's atmosphere.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 9
1 / -0

Black lung disease is common in

A
Farmers

B
Coal miners

C
Refinery workers

D
Workers of petrochemical industry

Solution

Coal workers' pneumoconiosis also known as black lung disease is caused by long exposure to coal dust. It is a common in coal miners and others who work with coal. Inhaled coal dust progressively builds up in the lungs and is unable to be removed by the body; this leads to inflammation, fibrosis, and in worse cases, necrosis.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
Question 10
1 / -0

The major drawback of DDT as a pesticide is that

A
It is significantly less effective than other pesticides.

B
Its cost of production is high.

C
It is not readily and rapidly degraded in nature.

D
Organisms at once develop resistance to it.

Solution

Effects of DDT are amplified due to fat-solubility and its accumulation in the living tissues. The chemical accumulates in fish, and, when birds eat such fish, the chemical accumulates in their fat tissue, resulting in fragile eggs. The thinning of eggshells and breakage of eggs are attributed to the effects of DDT upon the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Whether used in agriculture or for vector control, once DDT enters the environment, it can remain for many years. In water, it does not easily dissolve, but instead attaches to sediment particles or is broken down by microorganisms into DDE and some DDD. In soil, DDT lasts for a very long time because it binds strongly to soil particles. Once attached, DDT and its byproducts can persist for as long as 15 years.

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 62

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 62

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Question 1

PAN

Ozone

Nitrogen dioxide

$$CO_2$$

Solution

Question 2

$$SO_2$$ and $$NO_2$$

$$CO$$ and $$CO_2$$

$$CO$$ and $$SO_3$$

$$O_2$$ and dust

Question 3

Fluorine

Sulphur dioxide

Nitrogen peroxide

Chlorine

Solution

Question 4

UV radiations reaching earth

Number of cataracts

Skin cancers

All of the above

Solution

Question 5

excessive richness of nutrients in a water body or lake due to run off

decrease in growth of algae

increase in fertility of soil

all the above

Solution

Question 6

O$$\displaystyle _{3}$$ and dust.

SO$$\displaystyle _{2}$$ and NO$$\displaystyle _{2}$$.

SO$$\displaystyle _{3}$$ and CO.

CO$$\displaystyle _{2}$$ and CO.

Solution

Question 7

Ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate and $$NO_x$$

Smoke, peroxyacetyl nitrate and $$SO_2$$

Hydrocarbons, $$SO_2$$ and $$CO_2$$

Hydrocarbons, Ozone and $$SO_x$$

Solution

Question 8

Water pollution

Ozone depletion

Acid rain

Photochemical smog

Solution

Question 9

Farmers

Coal miners

Refinery workers

Workers of petrochemical industry

Solution

Question 10

It is significantly less effective than other pesticides.

Its cost of production is high.

It is not readily and rapidly degraded in nature.

Organisms at once develop resistance to it.

Solution

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