Environmental Chemistry Test

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 64

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

The pair of gases responsible for acid rain are:

A
$${H}_{2}, {O}_{3}$$

B
$$C{H}_{4}, {O}_{3}$$

C
$$N{O}_{2}, S{O}_{2}$$

D
$$CO, C{H}_{4}$$

Solution

Processes involved in acid deposition (note that only $$SO_2$$ and $$NO_x$$ play a significant role in acid rain).
Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it possesses elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals and infrastructure. Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide.

Question 2

1 / -0

Read the passage and answer the following questions.

Acid rain is formed after the burning of fossil fuels releases compounds containing nitrogen and sulphur into the atmosphere. Sunlight and rain bring about chemical reactions that convert these compounds into nitric acid and sulphur dioxide, which combine with water droplets to form acid rain. Acid rain typically has a pH of approximately 5.5." . The higher acidity of soil and water affects many living organisms adversely. As the pH of lake waterfalls, fish become ill and die. Table 1 shows the effects of pH on the size of adult fish.

pH of lake	Average length of fish (cm)	Average mass of fish (g)
7.5	30 cm	454 g
7.0	28 cm	450 g
6.5	29 cm	453 g
6.0	25 cm	401 g
5.5	20 cm	288 g
5.0	17 cm	127 g
4.5	all fish died	all fish died

Mycorrhizal fungi, which form a mutualistic association with many plant roots, are particularly sensitive to the effects of acid rain. These fungi facilitate the absorption of water and nutrients by the plants; in turn, the plants provide sugars and amino acids without which the fungi could not survive.
If the pH of the soil was 7.0, then

The fungi would survive but the plant would be harmed.

The fungi would be harmed but the plant would survive.

The fungi would be slightly harmed and the plant would be slightly harmed.

Both the fungi and plant would survive.

Neither the fungi nor the plant would be harmed.

Solution

pH 7 is the neutral pH that does not harm plants and animals. Both plant and fungi will survive. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Question 3
1 / -0

Read the passage and answer the following questions:
Acid rain is formed after the burning of fossil fuels releases compounds containing nitrogen and sulfur into the atmosphere. Sunlight and rain bring about chemical reactions that convert these compounds into nitric acid and sulfur dioxide, which combine with water droplets to form acid rain. Acid rain typically has a pH of approximately 5.5. "The higher acidity of soil and water affects many living organisms adversely. As the pH of lake water falls, fish become ill and die. Table 1 shows the effects of pH on the size of adult fish.
pH of lake
Average length of fish (cm)

Average mass of fish (g)

7.5
30 cm
454 g
7.0
28 cm
450 g
6.5
29 cm
453 g
6.0
25 cm
401 g
5.5
20 cm
288 g
5.0
17 cm
127 g
4.5
All fish died
All fish died

Mycorrhizal fungi, which form a mutualistic association with many plant roots, are particularly sensitive to the effects of acid rain. These fungi facilitate the
absorption of water and nutrients by the plants; in turn, the plants provide sugars and amino acids without which the fungi could not survive.
Fungi are classified as

A
Prokaryotic decomposers

B
Eukaryotic producers

C
Eukaryotic decomposers

D
Eukaryotic autotrophs

E
Prokaryotic consumers

Solution

Fungi have a well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles and are classified as eukaryotes.
Fungi are not producers (can not synthesize organic compounds by themselves), they feed on the dead and decaying matter and derive their nutrition by decomposition of complex organic matter present in debris making them saprophytes and decomposers.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
Question 4
1 / -0

Acid rain is produced when rain mixes with chemicals such as sulfur dioxide in the air. This may result in

A
Lowering the pH in ponds, thus limiting the survival of many organisms

B
Lowering the pH in ponds, thus affecting water temperature

C
Raising the pH in ponds, thus encouraging the growth of organisms

D
Raising the pH in ponds, thus limiting animal development

E
Depleting atmospheric carbon dioxide available for photosynthesis

Solution

Acid rain will lower down the pH of pond water and will cause an adverse effect on survival of many organisms as the acidic environment does not support the growth and existence of organisms.
Normal pond water has neutral or slightly alkaline pH; acid rain would lower down its pH.
Water temperature of the pond is determined by the availability of Sunlight and depth of water.
pH does not affect the level of available dissolved carbon dioxide.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
Question 5
1 / -0

Ozone depletion is occuring widely in the stratosphere, it leads to ozone hole caused mainly due to

A
Ethylene

B
Methane

C
CFCs

D
$$CO_{2}$$

Solution

The presence of CFCs in the atmosphere results in the depletion of the ozone layer in the stratopshere. CFCs are used as coolants in refrigerators, coolers, etc. The CFCs causes breaking of the ozone molecule which forms the oxygen radical and O$$_2$$. The depletion of the ozone layer leads to the formation of ozone hole which causes the penetration of the harmful UV radiations from the sun into the Earth's atmosphere.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 6
1 / -0

Snow blindness is caused due to

A
Ozone hole

B
Nuclear winter

C
Acid rain

D
Green house effect

Solution

Snow blindness is the condition of loss of vision due to overexposure of UV light. When the layer of ozen gets depleted a large amount of UV radiation start reaching to the earth's atmosphere and increased dose of UV radiation causes diseases.
Question 7
1 / -0

Match the Column I and Column II and choose the correct code given below.
Column I Column II
(A) Peroxyacetyl nitrile (i) Waste incineration
(B) Indigo (ii) Vat dye
(C) IR active molecules (iii) Global warming
(D) Dioxins (iv) Photochemical smog

A
A-(iv); B-(ii); C-(iii); D-(i)

B
A-(i); B-(ii); C-(iv); D-(iii)

C
A-(ii); B-(i); C-(iv); D-(iii)

D
A-(iv); B-(i); C-(iii); D-(ii)

Solution

(A) Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is used in the photochemical smog.

(B) Indigo is a vat dye. Dyeing with indignation was carried out in the wooden vats in the form of water-soluble indigo tin-white.

(C) IR active molecules such as $$CO_2, NO_X, SO_X$$ are causing global warming.

(D) Dioxins are used to burn the waste into ashes-Waste incineration.
Question 8
1 / -0

Acid rain is due to increase in atmospheric concentration of

A
Ozone

B
CO$$_2$$ and CO

C
SO$$_3$$ and CO

D
SO$$_2$$ and Nitrogen oxide

Solution

Acid rain is caused by large scale emission of nitrogen oxides (NO$$_x$$), sulphur oxides (SO$$_x$$), volatile organic carbon and HCl from thermal power plants, industries and automobiles. Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur combine with water and oxygen and form nitric acid and sulphuric acid, respectively. Thus, option D is correct.
Question 9
1 / -0

Part of ozone is destroyed over poles during

A
Polar spring

B
Winter

C
Summer

D
Period of snow fall

Solution

Polar spring, also known as the Antarctic Spring is the period from late August to early October and the strong westerlies circulate around the Antarctic continent creating a polar vortex. The polar vortex results in the formation of the polar stratospheric clouds which trap most of the gases including the ozone-depleting factors like CFCs, methyl bromide etc.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Polar Spring'.
Question 10
1 / -0

Green chemistry means such reactions which:

A
produce colour during reactions

B
reduce the use and production of hazardous chemicals

C
are related to the depletion of ozone layer

D
study the reactions in plant

Solution

It involves such reactions which reduce the use and production of hazardous or toxic chemical to reduce pollution from environment.

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Column I	Column II
(A) Peroxyacetyl nitrile	(i) Waste incineration
(B) Indigo	(ii) Vat dye
(C) IR active molecules	(iii) Global warming
(D) Dioxins	(iv) Photochemical smog

Environmental Chemistry Test - 64

Result

Environmental Chemistry Test - 64

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

$${H}_{2}, {O}_{3}$$

$$C{H}_{4}, {O}_{3}$$

$$N{O}_{2}, S{O}_{2}$$

$$CO, C{H}_{4}$$

Solution

Question 2

The fungi would survive but the plant would be harmed.

The fungi would be harmed but the plant would survive.

The fungi would be slightly harmed and the plant would be slightly harmed.

Both the fungi and plant would survive.

Neither the fungi nor the plant would be harmed.

Solution

Question 3

Prokaryotic decomposers

Eukaryotic producers

Eukaryotic decomposers

Eukaryotic autotrophs

Prokaryotic consumers

Solution

Question 4

Lowering the pH in ponds, thus limiting the survival of many organisms

Lowering the pH in ponds, thus affecting water temperature

Raising the pH in ponds, thus encouraging the growth of organisms

Raising the pH in ponds, thus limiting animal development

Depleting atmospheric carbon dioxide available for photosynthesis

Solution

Question 5

Ethylene

Methane

CFCs

$$CO_{2}$$

Solution

Question 6

Ozone hole

Nuclear winter

Acid rain

Green house effect

Solution

Question 7

A-(iv); B-(ii); C-(iii); D-(i)

A-(i); B-(ii); C-(iv); D-(iii)

A-(ii); B-(i); C-(iv); D-(iii)

A-(iv); B-(i); C-(iii); D-(ii)

Solution

Question 8

Ozone

CO$$_2$$ and CO

SO$$_3$$ and CO

SO$$_2$$ and Nitrogen oxide

Solution

Question 9

Polar spring

Winter

Summer

Period of snow fall

Solution

Question 10

produce colour during reactions

reduce the use and production of hazardous chemicals

are related to the depletion of ozone layer

study the reactions in plant

Solution

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