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Environmental Chemistry Test - 67

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 67
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Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Depletion of ozone layer is due to _______.
    Solution
    Oxides of nitrogen find their way to the environment when they are released from the fertilizers, farms, combustion of coal etc. These bear a similarity to the paraffinated halogens like the chlorofluorocarbons when they reach the stratosphere of the atmosphere. They get unstable when exposed to the UV rays and the reactive nitrogen atom recs with the ozone to form the nitrogen dioxide and the diatomic oxygen molecule, similar to the reaction catalysed by the CFCs which release reactive chlorine that break down the ozone.
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Oxides of nitrogen'.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Spraying DDT on crops shall produce pollution of
    Solution
    DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) is agricultural insecticide to prevent crops from being damaged by weeds and insects. The property of DDT makes it insoluble in water and it does not decompose easily hence accumulating in soil increasing acidification of soil and damage of crops which when consumed cause a serious metabolic disorder. Its persistence in aquatic sediments is equally harmful to aquatic life and drinking water as it dissolves in fats and shows biomagnification.
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Soil and water'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Peeling of ozone umbrella is due to
    Solution
    Among the five layers of the earth's atmosphere, ozone is present in the stratosphere which absorbs UV radiation before it reaches the ground. The main cause of ozone depletion is manufactured chemicals especially CFCs, these compounds reach the stratosphere by winds, where they release halogen atoms through photodissociation and cause the breakdown of ozone into oxygen. The ozone hole formed due to this increase the exposure of direct UV rays on earth carrying the potential risk of skin cancer and other negative effects
    So, the correct answer is 'CFCs'
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Among pollutants, which has the most lasting effect?
    Solution
    The pesticides have remarkably increased the production of crops and reduce the crop loss due to the insects, rodents, unwanted weed. The pesticides have benefitted in economic terms but pesticides have serious health implications, the use of pesticides have made insects resistant of them, they show property of not easily decomposing and hence accumulate in soil increasing the soil acidification. Washing of these chemicals by rainfall pollute water bodies and they remain insoluble in water. On consumption, these chemicals move higher in the food chain and cause vector-borne diseases.
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Pesticides'
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Natural sink of stratospheric ozone is?
    Solution
    The main cause of ozone depletion and the ozone hole is manufactured chemicals, especially manufactured halocarbon refrigerants, solvents, propellants and foam-blowing agents (chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), HCFCs, halons), referred to as ozone-depleting substances (ODS). These compounds are transported into the stratosphere by the winds after being emitted from the surface.[2] Once in the stratosphere, they release halogen atoms through photodissociation, which catalyze the breakdown of ozone (O3) into oxygen (O2).[3] Both types of ozone depletion were observed to increase as emissions of halocarbons increased.
    So the correct answer is 'HCFCs'.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Chlorofluorocarbon releases ______ which is harmful to ozone.
    Solution
    Chlorofluorocarbons are the halogenated paraffin hydrocarbons containing chlorine, fluorine and carbon. These have been extensively used as the refrigerants and the spray propellants due to their non-toxic nature. But, the CFCs have found their way to the stratosphere of the atmosphere where the incidence of the UV rays is very high. The CFC splits up when exposed to the UV rays and release the reactive chlorine species. This is harmful to the ozone in the stratosphere because the chlorine reacts with ozone to release the simple oxygen, that is further converted to the reactive nascent oxygen.
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Chlorine'.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Component of smog is
    Solution
    Smog is a kind of air pollution. It is basically formed of smoke and fog hence called smog. Ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) are amongst the main components of smog. These are the secondary pollutants that precipitate in the sunlight. Nitrous oxide and volatile organic compounds are some other components. These substances are highly chemically reactive and harmful for human and other living organisms. Exposure can cause a respiratory problem, skin and eyes irritation.
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Primary constituents of photochemical smog are
    Solution
    The photochemical reaction is caused by absorption of energy in the form of light. The word smog is formed of smoke and fog. Photochemical smog is the major contributor to air pollution and is composed of primary and secondary pollutants. Primary being the nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those that have double or triple covalent bonds between adjacent carbon atoms. e.g., Ethylene (C$$_{2}$$H$$_{4}$$). Gasoline and natural gas are major sources of unsaturated hydrocarbon. Butadiene, benzene are some hydrocarbons that are lethal to human health and have the potential to cause cancer.
    Hence, the correct answer is 'NO$$_{2}$$ and unsaturated hydrocarbons'.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which of the following causes regional pollution?
    Solution
    Smog is formed of smoke and fog and is particularly a pressing problem for large metropolitan cities. The constituents of smog are ground-level ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. The sources of these pollutants are emissions from vehicles, smokestack emission paints etc. 
    Acid rain is formed when sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with water and oxygen forming more acidic pollutant. Areas having industrial abundance are prone to acid rains. The major sources are coal-fired power plants, burning of fossil fuels etc.
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Pollutant which causes acid rain is
    Solution
    Acid rain is caused by the chemical reaction. Basically, rain that has unusually low pH is called acid rain. The most common chemicals that cause acid rain are sulphur oxides and nitric oxides. These substances rise high in the atmosphere where they react with water, oxygen and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutant. Sulphur dioxide on reaction with water and oxygen forms sulphur trioxide which is rapidly converted into sulphuric acid in presence of water.
    Hence, the correct answer is 'SO$$_{2}$$'
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