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Environmental Chemistry Test - 69

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Environmental Chemistry Test - 69
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Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Photochemical smog does not contain ________.
    Solution
    The photochemical reaction is caused by absorption of energy in the form of light. The word smog is formed of smoke and fog. Photochemical smog is the major contributor to air pollution and is composed of primary and secondary pollutants. Primary being the nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are those that have double or triple covalent bonds between adjacent carbon atoms. e.g., Ethylene, Gasoline and natural gas are the major sources of unsaturated hydrocarbon. Butadiene, benzene are some hydrocarbons that are lethal to human health and have the potential to cause cancer. The emitted sulphur dioxide is oxidized in the troposphere thereby forming sulphuric acid which on mixing with water forms the component of acid rain.
    Hence, the correct answer is 'SO$$_{2}$$'.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Role of CFC present in atmosphere is
    Solution
    The ozone layer is part of the earth's atmosphere. Ozone is basically found in the stratosphere. Ozone layer contains the high concentration of ozone. It's is vital to human life on earth because it absorbs biologically harmful ultraviolet radiations from the sun. Direct exposure to such rays can cause serious illness and skin problems. The main cause of ozone depletion is manufactured chemicals especially CFCs, these compounds reach the stratosphere by winds, where they release halogen atoms through photodissociation and cause the breakdown of ozone into oxygen. The ozone hole formed due to this increase the exposure of direct UV rays on earth carrying the potential risk of skin cancer and other negative effects.
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Reduction in ozone'
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    In acid rain, $$SO_2$$, sulphuric acid accounts for
    Solution
    Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction. Basically, rain that has unusually low pH is called acid rain. The most common chemicals that cause acid rain are sulphur oxides and nitric oxides. These substances rise high in the atmosphere where they react with water, oxygen and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutant. Sulphur dioxide on reaction with water and oxygen forms sulphur trioxide which is rapidly converted into sulphuric acid in presence of water. It accounts for 70% volume in acid rain.
    Hence, the correct answer is '70%'.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Ozone hole causes
    Solution
    Among the five layers of the earth's surface ozone is present in the stratosphere which absorbs UV radiation before it reaches the ground. The main cause of ozone depletion is manufactured chemicals especially CFCs, these compounds reach the stratosphere by winds, where they release halogen atoms through photodissociation and cause the breakdown of ozone into oxygen. The ozone hole formed due to this increase the exposure of direct UV rays on earth carrying the potential risk of skin cancer and other negative effects. Direct exposure of harmful UV rays that penetrates skin can damage the genetic material I.e., DNA in skin cells and if the body is unable to recover the damage the cells stars to divide and grow uncontrollably which eventually leads to a tumour.
    Hence, the correct answer is 'More ultraviolet rays come to earth'
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Chlorofluorocarbons are responsible for
    Solution
    Ozone is found in high concentration in the stratosphere of the earth's surface in the form of ozone blanket or commonly known as the ozone layer. The vital function of ozone is to absorb the sun's ultraviolet radiation before it reaches the ground hence protecting the earth from its harmful effect. But the ozone-depleting substance such as Chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxides, etc that reacting with the ozone layer by releasing the reactive chlorine and cause depletion of it forming ozone hole. The concentration of ozone is less than 220 DU in the hole.
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Ozone layer depletion'.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Identify the wrong statement with reference to UV rays.
    Solution
    •  The UV region covers the wavelength range 100-400 nm and is divided into three bands: UVA (315-400 nm) UVB (280-315 nm)
    • The most common form of UV radiation is sunlight, which produces three main types of UV rays: UVA, UVB, UVC.
    • At certain wavelengths, UV is mutagenic to bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms. Particularly at wavelengths around 260–270 nm, UV breaks molecular bonds within microorganismal DNA, producing thymine dimers that can kill or disable the organisms.
    • UVB, the chief cause of skin reddening and sunburn, tends to damage the skin's more superficial epidermal layers. It plays a key role in the development of skin cancer and a contributory role in tanning and photoaging.

    So, the correct answer is 'UV-A is more harmful to animals than UV-B.'.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Snow blindness is cause due to
    Solution
    Cataracts and blindness are among the most common eye diseases associated with further ozone layer depletion and increased UV-B at the Earth's surface.  A 1% decrease in stratospheric ozone may result in 100,000 to 150,000 additional cases of blindness due to eye cataracts worldwide. The ozone layer is responsible for absorbing harmful ultraviolet rays, and preventing them from entering the Earth's atmosphere.
    So the correct answer is 'Ozone hole'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    An ozone depleting chemical, which is used in fire- extinguishers is ________.
    Solution
    Methyl bromide, halon, nitrogen oxides and chlorofluorocarbons are the potent ozone-depleting substances. These accumulate in the stratosphere and undergo photodissociation when exposed to the UV rays. The reactive chlorine and bromine react with ozone to form diatomic oxygen and molecular oxygen.
    A. Nitrogen oxides are released from the vehicular exhausts and industrial emissions.
    B. Methyl bromide was used as a fumigant.
    C. Halon was used as fire-extinguisher.
    D. Chlorofluorocarbons were used as refrigerants.
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Halon'.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following is the main cause of photochemical smog?
    Solution

  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    'Silent Spring' is
    Solution
    Silent Spring is an environmental science book by Rachel Carson.[1] The book was published on September 27, 1962, documenting the adverse environmental effects caused by the indiscriminate use of pesticides. Carson accused the chemical industry of spreading disinformation, and public officials of accepting the industry's marketing claim unquestioningly.
    Starting in the late 1950s, prior to the book's publication, Carson had focused her attention on environmental conservation, especially environmental problems that she believed were caused by synthetic pesticides.
    So the correct answer is 'A piece of literature'.
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