Reproduction in Organisms Test

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Reproduction in Organisms Test - 50

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Question 1
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Whiptail lizard show

A
Periodic parthenogenesis

B
Paedogenic parthenogenesis

C
Obligatory parthenogenesis

D
Incomplete parthenogenesis

Solution

Parthenogenesis is a natural form of asexual reproduction in which growth and development of embryo occur without fertilisation. The offspring arise from a single organism and inherits the genes of that parent only, it does not involve the fusion of gametes, and almost never changes the number of chromosomes.
There are mainly two types of parthenogenesis: facultative and obligatory.
In facultative parthenogenesis, there is switching between sexual reproduction and parthenogenesis.
In obligatory parthenogenesis organisms exclusively reproduce through asexual means. Whiptail lizards are unisex reptiles which reproduce only asexually. A female will produce an ovum with a full set of genes provided solely by the mother. Thus, a male is not needed to provide sperm to fertilise the egg. This type of asexual reproduction is a serious threat to biodiversity due to lack of gene variation and decreased the fitness of offspring.
Incomplete or periodic parthenogenesis are same as facultative parthenogenesis where sexual reproduction alternates with parthenogenesis. For e.g., in bees and wasps, some eggs develop without fertilisation and produce females and those eggs that are fertilised develop into males.
Paedogenic parthenogenesis is found in Gallfly, where larva may lay eggs which develop parthenogenetically into the new generation of larvae.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 2
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An example of dioecious plant is

A
Pinus

B
Maize

C
Cycas

D
Chara

Solution

A dioecious plant is a plant which has separate male and female plant. Cycas plants are dioecious. The male and female plant has cones which bear naked seed. The leaves are modified into cones. Microspores and megaspores are typically produced in pollen cones or ovulate cones, respectively in separate plants. Gametophytes, as with all heterosporous plants, develop within the spore wall. Pollen grains (microgametophytes) mature from microspores and ultimately produce sperm cells. Megagametophytes develop from megaspores and are retained within the ovule.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 3
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The dioecious plant Marchantia develops sex organs on

A
Antheridiophore

B
Archegoniophore

C
Both A and B

D
Tassel

Solution

A dioecious plant is a plant which has separate male and female plant. Marchantia is a dioecious plant. The gametophore bearing male reproductive part is known as antheridiophore and the gametophore with archegonia is known as archegonophore.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 4
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Parthenogenesis is connected with

A
Sexual reproduction

B
Asexual reproduction

C
Regeneration

D
Budding

Solution

Parthenogenesis is the development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg or if a spermatozoa does penetrate the egg, there is no union of male and female pronuclei. It is a mode of asexual reproduction. On the basis of divison, it is of two types- apomictic parthenogenesis and automictic parthenogenesis.
In apomictic parthenogenesis, the mature egg cells are produced by mitotic divisions, and these cells directly develop into embryos. The offsprings produced are full clones of the mother.
In automictic parthenogenesis, the mother cell undergoes meiosis and produces haploid offspring which are half clone of the mother cell.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 5
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Parthenogenesis is the development of fruit

A
With viable seeds after fertilization

B
With viable seeds after pollination

C
With viable seeds without fertilisation

D
Without seeds after pollination

Solution

Parthenogenesis is a natural form of asexual reproduction in which growth and development of embryo occur without fertilisation. It can occur without meiosis i.e., division to form haploid cells. Mature egg cells are formed by the mitotic division of ovary or somatic cells and these cells directly develop into embryos. In flowering plants, cells of gametophyte can undergo this process. The seeds thus formed are viable and produce exact replica or clone of their mother.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 6
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In oogamy fertilisation involves,

A
A small non-motile female, gamete and large motile male gamete

B
A large non-motile female gamete, and a small motile male gamete

C
A large non-motile female gamete and a small non-motile male gamete

D
A large motile female gemete and a small non-mbtile male gamete.

Solution

In oogamy, fertilization involves the fusion of a large non-motile female gamete and a small motile male gamete. The large motile female gamete is the ovum which is produced in the ovary. The ovum after maturation is released from the ovary under the influence of LH hormone. The small motile male gametes are known as sperm which is produced in the testis. The two dissimilar gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote by the process of syngamy.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 7
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Chrysanthemum multiplies vegetatively by

A
Suckers

B
Runners

C
Stolons

D
Rhizomes

Solution

In some plants, the subaerial stems are modified for the purpose of vegetative reproduction. They are of different types like runners, offset, stolons and suckers.
The runner arises from the base of the stem as a lateral branch and runs along the surface of the soil. It develops distinct nodes and internodes. At each node, the runner produces roots below and leaves above e.g., Oxalis, Fragaria etc.
An offset is a short runner like the branch which produces the new plant at its tip. The offset grows in all direction from the main stem of parent plant usually along the surface of the water. If separated from parent plant offset can grow in an independent plant e.g., Pistia, Eichhornia.
Stolons are lateral branches that arise from the stem above the soil for a certain distance. When the tip touches the ground at the nodal region, it produces a new plant. As the plant grows the stolons grow horizontally outward for a varying distance in the soil.Ultimately their end emerges out of the ground and develops into a new plant e.g., Mentha, Rosaceae.
A lateral branch arising from main stem close to the ground level travels underground for some distance. This branch is called a sucker. It turns up at its end and produces adventitious roots in the ground and shoots above forming a new plant. Chrysanthemums, mainly cultivated for its beautiful flowers propagates through suckers.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 8
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In vegetative propagation by tubers, which of following characteristic/s remains constant through generations?

A
Morphology

B
Vigour only

C
Vigour and morphology only

D
Morphology, vigour and disease resistance

Solution

Tubers are underground stems which exist under the soil surface. They function as storage tissue for food and nutrients, propagation of new clones and perennation ( survival from one growing season to the next ). Plants use underground stems to multiply their number by asexual reproduction or vegetative propagation and to survive from one year to next, usually over the period of dormancy. Axillary buds, commonly known as ‘eyes ‘ form over the tuber surface and produce shoots that grow into a new plant.
The main advantage of vegetative propagation is that the genetic material of the only parent is passed to next generation.So the new plants are essentially the clones of the mother plant and they bear the same morphology, vigour and disease resistance as the mother plant.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 9
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Estrus cycle is indication of

A
Breeding period

B
Estrogen secretion

C
Pregnancy

D
Menopause

Solution

Estrus cycle is the indication of the breeding period because it is a reproductive cycle of females of non-primate vertebrates and it is the period in which the female is highly receptive. One or more periods of estrus may occur during the breeding season of a species. Some animals like dogs are monoestrous as they have only one oestrous phase in their breeding cycle. Males can recognize a female in heat by the smell of pheromones.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 10
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Ginger is multiplied vegetatively by

A
Rhizome

B
Tuber

C
Stem

D
Bud

Solution

Ginger is multiplied vegetatively by rhizome. It is an underground modification of stem. It develops root and shoots from the nodes. The nodes are meristematic in nature which produces adventitious root and shoots. The plant uses the rhizome to store starch, proteins, and other nutrients.
Potatoes are propagated by tubers.
Rose is propagated by stem cutting.
Buds present at the nodes help in the propagation of plant-like sugarcane.
So, the correct answer is option A.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Reproduction in Organisms Test - 50

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Reproduction in Organisms Test - 50

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Periodic parthenogenesis

Paedogenic parthenogenesis

Obligatory parthenogenesis

Incomplete parthenogenesis

Solution

Question 2

Pinus

Maize

Cycas

Chara

Solution

Question 3

Antheridiophore

Archegoniophore

Both A and B

Tassel

Solution

Question 4

Sexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction

Regeneration

Budding

Solution

Question 5

With viable seeds after fertilization

With viable seeds after pollination

With viable seeds without fertilisation

Without seeds after pollination

Solution

Question 6

A small non-motile female, gamete and large motile male gamete

A large non-motile female gamete, and a small motile male gamete

A large non-motile female gamete and a small non-motile male gamete

A large motile female gemete and a small non-mbtile male gamete.

Solution

Question 7

Suckers

Runners

Stolons

Rhizomes

Solution

Question 8

Morphology

Vigour only

Vigour and morphology only

Morphology, vigour and disease resistance

Solution

Question 9

Breeding period

Estrogen secretion

Pregnancy

Menopause

Solution

Question 10

Rhizome

Tuber

Stem

Bud

Solution

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