Reproduction in Organisms Test - 63

Musa or banana is propagated by the rhizome that are formed within the root mat. These rhizomes can give rise to the pseudostem of the banana.

A. Propagation through tubers occurs in potato and sweet potato.

B. Propagation through bulbs occurs in onion and garlic.

C. Seeds are formed in sexual reproduction.

D. Rhizomes are used for the propagation of banana and ginger.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Rhizome'

• There are two ways in which reproduction can takes place, that is sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. In sexual reproduction, both parents are involved. 
• In asexual reproduction, the progeny is produced from the single parent. Various methods of asexual reproduction include budding, fragmentation, binary fission, sporulation, and regeneration. 
• Archaeocytes are amoeboid cells found in sponges that are totipotent in nature. Gemmulation is the method of reproduction seen in sponges using gemmules. 
• Out of these methods, the most common methods of asexual reproduction are by binary fission and budding.

• Isogametes refers to morphologically similar male and female gametes. Isogametes are found in some protozoans, fungi, etc.
• Anisogametes refers to morphologically dissimilar male and female gametes. Anisogametes are found in vertebrates, Plasmodium, etc.

Pollinia is the coherent mass of pollen grain that is the product of one anther and transfer as one unit pollination. These are greatly observed in flower of orchids and various species of milkweeds.

Mitosis	Meiosis
It is a process where a single cell divided into two identical cells. It is an equational division (i.e no. of chromosomes remains same)	It is a process where a single cell twice to produces four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information. It is a reductional division (i.e.no. of chromosomes reduces to half ).
It mainly takes place in somatic cells	It takes place in germinal cells or spore mother cells.
Sporangiospores, conidiospores, zoospores	Basidiospores, Ascospores, Germspores, Meiospores

So, the correct answer is 'Meiosis and Mitosis'.

Monoecious plants are those which contain male and female reproductive organs (stamens and pistil) in different unisexual flowers but on the same plant. Unisexual flowers are those which possess either male reproductive organ (stamens) or female reproductive organs (pistil).

• Budding is a type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site. 
• The small bulb-like projection coming out of the cell is called a bud. 
• The new organism remains attached as it grows, separating from the parent organism only when it is mature, leaving behind scar tissue.
  
• Among the following organisms hydra, sponges, and yeast multiply by budding.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Cells of root meristematic zone have dense protoplasm, when axillary bud becomes fleshy it is called bulbil, root cap is absent in hydrophytes as they do not need to pierce into the soil & chrysanthemum, pineapple & jasmine are examples of a sucker.

A true breeding line is one that, having undergone continuous self-pollination shows the stable trait inheritance and expression for several generations.